Details of Natural Product (NP) | NPcVar

General Information of Natural Product (ID: NP0384)
Natural Product Name		D-Limonene
Synonyms		D-Limonene; 5989-27-5; (R)-(+)-Limonene; (+)-Limonene; (D)-Limonene; (+)-(4R)-Limonene; (+)-carvene; (4R)-Limonene; D-(+)-Limonene; D-Limonen; (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; Citrene; (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene; (R)-Limonene; Limonene, D-; (+)-R-Limonene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-; d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; (4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; (R)-(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; FEMA No. 2633; (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; (+)-(R)-Limonene; UNII-GFD7C86Q1W; r-(+)-limonene; (R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene; MFCD00062991; GFD7C86Q1W; 4betaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene; CHEBI:15382; (+) Limonene; (+)-Dipentene; Carvene; Glidesafe; Glidsafe; Kautschiin; Refchole; (4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; Biogenic SE 374; (+)-alpha-Limonene; d-Limonene (natural); d-Limoneno [Spanish]; Limonene, (+)-; Limonene, dl-; d-Limoneno; Hemo-sol; (4R)-(+)-Limonene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; D-limonene [JAN]; (4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene; Citrus stripper oil; CCRIS 671; Terpenes and Terpenoids, limonene fraction; EC 7; HSDB 4186; D-1,8-p-Menthadiene; NCI-C55572; EINECS 227-813-5; p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-; NSC-844; Sulfate turpentine, distilled; (+)-1,8-para-Menthadiene; Dextro-limonene; d limonene; AI3-15191; NSC-21446; Orange x; NSC-757069; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)-; EINECS 266-034-5; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; Dipentene no. 122; D-Limonene Reagent Grade; DSSTox_CID_778; EC 227-813-5; DSSTox_RID_75785; (+)-Limonene, stabilized with 0.03% tocopherol; DSSTox_GSID_20778; CHEMBL449062; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (theta)-; DTXSID1020778; (R)-(+)-Limonene, 95%; (R)-(+)-Limonene, 97%; ZINC967513; CS-M3273; (R)-(+)-Limonene, >=93%; Tox21_200400; 6458AE; AKOS015899935; CCG-266134; DB08921; LMPR0102090013; NSC 757069; (R)-(+)-Limonene, analytical standard; NCGC00248591-01; NCGC00248591-02; NCGC00257954-01; BS-22387; CAS-5989-27-5; (R)-(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; L0047; L0105; (R)-Limonene 2000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; C06099; D91245; (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene; J-502148; W-105295; Q27888324; (R)-(+)-Limonene, primary pharmaceutical reference standard; UNII-9MC3I34447 component XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N; (R)-(+)-Limonene, purum, >=96.0% (sum of enantiomers, GC); (R)-(+)-Limonene, technical, ~90% (sum of enantiomers, GC) Click to Show/Hide
Formula		C₁₀H₁₆
Weight		136.23
Structure
Structure		3D Structure Download			2D Structure Download
InChI		InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1
InChI Key		XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N
Isomeric SMILES		CC1=CC[C@@H](CC1)C(=C)C
Canonical SMILES		CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C
External Links		PubChem ID		440917
		CAS ID		5989-27-5
		NPASS ID		NPC76145
		HIT ID		C0504
		CHEMBL ID		CHEMBL449062
NP Activity Charts		Click to show/hide
Activity Info

The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s)
Species Name: Mentha piperita
					Factor Name: Drought Stress Treatment; NaCl Treatment																																																																[1]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail																						Peppermint plants were initiated from rhizome cuttings (10 cm long) supplied by Jahad Daneshgahi in March 2009. According to the method described by Farahani et al., (2009), seventy five peppermint samples were notified above were transferred into pots (25 cm head diameter × 20 cm height) filled with sandy loam soil (soil average amount of 5580 gr in each pot). This experiment was carried out using a randomized compllete block design with 3 replications. The factors studied included 5 levels of water deficit stress that were D1 (100% field capacity), D2 (85% field capacity), D3 (70% field capacity), D4 (60% field capacity) and D5 (45% field capacity), respectively. In order to determine the soil moisture rate of 100% field capacity, 24 h after irrigation we selected 5 field soil samples by sampling drill, then samples were weighed by electrical scale and placed under 105 ℃ in electrical oven for 48 h. Field soil samples were selected for determination of soil moisture rate daily, than determined 85% field capacity, 70% field capacity, 60% field capacity and 45% field capacity, respectively. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function																						Results indicated that drought stress motivated a significant reduction in all of the growth parameters and essential oil yield and percent. The highest values of growth parameters and essential oil percent and yield were observed under 100% field capacity (control). Also, the highest values of Mentone and menthofuran were obtained under 100% field capacity (control) and the highest values of menthol were obtained under 70% field capacity by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Click to Show/Hide
Factor																																								Part										Location																				NP Content
70% Field Capacity																																								Aerial parts										Iran																				NP Content: 0.17 %
60% Field Capacity																																								Aerial parts										Iran																				NP Content: 0.02 %
0 mM NaCl (Control)																																								Aerial parts										Iran																				NP Content: 0.25 %
*Species Name: Schizonepeta tenuifolia* Briq.**
					Factor Name: NaCl Treatment																																																																[2]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail																						This experiment in a greenhouse of the College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. Plants were cultivated under a natural light condition with 30 &#8451 day maximum and 15 &#8451 night minimum, and 60-80% air humidity. Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. seeds were bought from Xincheng Chinese Herbal Medicine Industry (Anguo, China). In March, 2017, seeds were sown in trays containing a compost of humus, vermiculite, and perlite (1:2:1) and irrigated with distilled water to keep moist. About 8 days later, seeds were germinated and quarter-strength modified Hoagland's solution was used for irrigation. Thirty-seven days later (establishment phase), homogenous plants with a height of nearly 15 cm were transplanted into plastic pots filled with pure quartz sand. Two plants were cultivated in each pot and irrigated with 200 mL half-strength modified Hoagland's solution every second day. Six days later, the plants were divided into five groups and salt treatments were initiated. A total of 300 mL of the above nutrient solution supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mM NaCl was applied every day. To prevent osmotic shock, salt concentrations increased gradually with 25 mM NaCl every other day until the designated concentration was reached. The experimental design was completely randomized with 70 individuals for each treatment. All plants were harvested after 12 days since salt stress symptoms (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) occurred, especially in those treated with 75 and 100 mM NaCl. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function																						Contents of antioxidants, including phenolics and flavonoids, increased at low (25 mM) or moderate (50 mM) levels, but declined at severe (75 and 100 mM) levels. On leaf surfaces, big peltate and small capitate glandular trichomes (GTs) were found. Salt treatments, especially at moderate and severe concentrations, enhanced the density of total GTs on both leaf sides. The most abundant compound in GT volatile exudates was pulegone. Under salinity, relative contents of this component and other monoterpenes decreased significantly; biosynthesis and accumulation of esters were enhanced, particularly sulfurous acid,2-ethylhexyl hexyl ester, which became the second major compound as salinity increased. In conclusion, salt stress significantly influenced the growth and secondary metabolism of S. tenuifolia, enabling us to study the changes of its pharmacological activities. Click to Show/Hide
Factor																																								Part										Location																				NP Content
Control: 0 mM NaCl treatment																																								leaves										Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China																				NP Content: 1.54 %
25 mM NaCl treatment																																								leaves										Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China																				NP Content: 1.6 %
50 mM NaCl treatment																																								leaves										Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China																				NP Content: 0.69 %

References
1	The effect of drought stress on growth parameters, essential oil yield and constituent of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
2	Effects of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Glandular Trichome Density, and Volatile Exudates of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq

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