| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Species Name: Coriandrum sativum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: NaCl Treatment | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Plant material: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits were collected from cultivated plants in the region of Korba (northeastern Tunisia) in April 2006. Seeds were set to germinate at 25 ℃. Ten-day-old coriander seedlings were grown in quarter-strength Hoagland's solution laced with 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM and 75 mM of NaCl. The culture was placed in a greenhouse with 25 ℃ day maximum and 18 ℃ night minimum, under artificial light of 141 µmol/m2 /s (6000 lux) with 16 h photoperiod and 60-80% air humidity. Nutrient solution was continuously aerated. Growth parameters: Plants were harvested at the seedling stage 3 weeks after treatment.
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| Factor Function |
Essential oil content was 1762.64 µg/g dry weight (DW) (0.18%) and 1255.77 µg/g DW (0.12%) in stems and leaves, respectively. At low and moderate stress, a significant difference in the essential oil content was developed between stems, with a significant decrease, and leaves, with an increase up to 43%. Under high salinity, the oil content of both organs decreased significantly. The major volatile compound of stems and leaves was (E)-2-decenal with 24% and 52%, respectively. Other important components were decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-tridecenal and (E)-2-undecanal. Further, the content of these compounds were affected differently by the treatment level and by the organ type.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0 mM NaCl (Control)
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Leaves | Tunisia |
NP Content: 1.61 %
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0 mM NaCl (Control)
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Stems | Tunisia |
NP Content: 4.51 %
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25mM NaCl
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Leaves | Tunisia |
NP Content: 1.07 %
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25mM NaCl
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Stems | Tunisia |
NP Content: 2.06 %
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50 mM NaCl
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Leaves | Tunisia |
NP Content: 1.64 %
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50 mM NaCl
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Stems | Tunisia |
NP Content: 2.35 %
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75 mM NaCl
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Leaves | Tunisia |
NP Content: 1.51 %
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75 mM NaCl
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Stems | Tunisia |
NP Content: 4.53 %
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| Species Name: Ducrosia anethifolia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
The aerial parts of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss. were collected in the wild from Mehdi Abad (Kerman province, in southern Iran) at the flowering stage in June 2006. The material was dried at room temperature.
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| Factor Function |
The 63 components of this interesting plant were identified in the oil of D. anethifolia, representing 94.0% of the oil. alpha-Pinene (11.6%), terpinolene(3.2%) and (z)-beta-ocimene (2.8%) were the main hydrocarbon components present in the oil, while decanal (54.0%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate(3.2%) and decanoic acid (1.3%) were the major oxygen-containing constituents.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Locality: Larestan, Iran
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Aerial parts | Iran |
NP Content: 9.3 %
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Locality: Karaj, Iran
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Aerial parts | Iran |
NP Content: 5.5 %
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Locality: Kerman, Iran
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Aerial parts | Iran |
NP Content: 0.2 %
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| Species Name: Ducrosia assadii | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
The aerial parts of D. assadii Alava. were collected in the wild from Lalehzar (Kerman Province, in southern Iran) at the flowering stage, in July 2007. The material was dried at room temperature and used for distillation. Distillation: A direct-fired field distillation unit containing a distillation tank (capacity: 1,000 L), a condensation column and receiver, all made of stainless steel, and which can process 30-50 kg of dried aerial parts from the plants/batch, was installed at an altitude of 2600 m (boiling point: 87 ℃). Dried aerial parts from the plants (40 kg) were charged into the distillation unit along with 500 L fresh water and the unit was heated by steam. The system was kept open to atmospheric pressure until the temperature reached to 70 ℃, when the air present in the unit was replaced by the vapor. After complete removal of air from the unit, the air vent was closed and the whole unit was operated as a closed system under pressure to distill the oil. The pressure, temperature and rate of distillation were controlled manually. The process was completed after the collection of 500 L of water distillate. The oil collected in the receiver and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. Extraction of Ducrosia Second Oil From Ducrosia Water by Redistillation: The seprated distillate water collected in the receiver was redistilled in a 1,000 L still to yield more Doucrosia oil (this oil is known as secondary essential oil, second oil, cooked oil or indirect oil).
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| Factor Function |
Fifty components were identified in a second oil of D. assadii from Lalehzar with decanal (35.2%), nonadecane (12%) and citronellyl acetate (11.6%) as the main constituents. The oil from Dehbakrii also contained decanal (36.4%) as the main component of an oil recovered from the distillate water. The results showed that the amount of decanal is remarkably high in the oils of D. assadii.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Locality: Dehbakrii village, Provonce of Kerman, southern Iran
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Aerial parts | Iran |
NP Content: 6.6 %
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Locality: Lalehzar, Kerman Province, southern Iran
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Aerial parts | Iran |
NP Content: 7 %
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| Species Name: Porophyllum ruderale | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Harvest Time Variation | [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Seeds of P. ruderale were collected from wild plants found on the campus of the Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais state (Brazil), in September 2000. The seeds were cultivated in a greenhouse during the period of February to May 2001; 60 days after sowing, the leaves and flowers were collected at regular intervals of 15 days for the oil isolation.
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| Factor Function |
The oil content found for the leaves of P. ruderale varied during the period of 60 to 120 days, as follows: 13.8 mg/100 g of fresh material after 60 days; 7.5 mg/100 g (75 days); 23.1 mg/100 g (90 days); 10.6 mg/100 g (105 days); 12.5 mg/100 g (120 days). The first floral buds were collected after 105 days of sowing, and its oil content was 45.1 mg/100 g of fresh material. A significant decrease in the production of oil from the buds was observed after 120 days of sowing, when only 23.0 mg oil/100 g of fresh material was obtained. During the period of 90 days to 105 days, a significant decrease in leaf oil content was observed, at the same time the plants were flowering. This data suggests the plants were relocating their resources to produce more oil in the floral buds.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Flower: (Harvesting time: after 105 days of sowing)
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Flowers | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 0.3 %
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Flower: (Harvesting time: after 120 days of sowing)
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Flowers | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 1.1 %
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Leaf: (Harvesting time: after 60 days of sowing)
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Leaves | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 0.6 %
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Leaf: (Harvesting time: after 75 days of sowing)
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Leaves | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 7.5 %
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Leaf: (Harvesting time: after 90 days of sowing)
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Leaves | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 0.7 %
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Leaf: (Harvesting time: after 105 days of sowing)
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Leaves | Minas Gerais state, Brazil |
NP Content: 0.4 %
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