| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Species Name: Artemisia campestris | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
The aerial parts (~20 cm, 15-100 g) of A. campestris L. from ten different wild populations of Lithuania were gathered at the full flowering stage. Plant material was dried at room temperature (20-25 ℃). Oils (samples 1-10) obtained from Artemisia campestris plants collected at sampling sites (A-I,Y) characterized by locality, city (c.) or district (d.), soil type (Or, ordo; Sn, sand; Sl, sandy loam; Gr, gravel; Lm, loam) and description of natural habitat (Af, abandoned field; Fe, forest edge; Ct, cutting area; Mw, meadow; Rs, roadside; Rv, river valley): A (1) Birstonas c. (Or, Ct); B (2) Palanga c. (Sn, Fe); C (3) Nociunai, Kedainai d. (Or, Mw); D (4) Alytus c. (Sl, Rs); E (5) Moletai c. (Lm, Af); F (6) Kaltanenai, Sencionys d. (Gr, Fe); G (7) Merkine, Alytus d. (Sl, Ct); H (8) Trakai c. (Gr, Af); I (9) Druskininkai c. (Or, Rv); Y (10) Vilnius c. (Gr, Af).
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| Factor Function |
The main chemical profile (ten samples) was characterized by the predominance of germacrene D (9.8-31.2%), while spathulenol, humulene epoxide II and caryophyllene oxide were found as the first major compounds in another three oils. One oil was determined as a mixed chemotype. Some compounds such as gamma-curcumene, alpha-cadinol, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, beta-ylangene, beta-selinene and humulene epoxide II have been mentioned for the first time among three principal constituents in A. campestris oils. The fifty-six components made up 73.6.1-98.5% of the total content, while the remaining twenty-six volatile compounds were identified in insignificant amounts in the A. campestris essential oils.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Locality: Birstonas city, Lithuania (soil type: ordo; natural habitat: cutting area)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 2.6 %
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Locality: Palanga city, Lithuania (soil type: sand; natural habitat: forest edge)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 14.8 %
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Locality: Nociunai, Kedainai district, Lithuania (soil type: ordo; natural habitat: meadow)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 6.4 %
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Locality: Alytus city, Lithuania (soil type: sandy loam; natural habitat: roadside)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 3.5 %
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Locality: Moletai city, Lithuania (soil type: loam; natural habitat: abandoned field)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 8.6 %
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Locality: Kaltanenai, Sencionys district, Lithuania (soil type: gravel; natural habitat: forest edge)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 2.7 %
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Locality: Merkine, Alytus district, Lithuania (soil type: sandy loam; natural habitat: cutting area)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 8.2 %
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Locality: Trakai city, Lithuania (soil type: gravel; natural habitat: abandoned field)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 2.6 %
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Locality: Druskininkai city, Lithuania (soil type: ordo; natural habitat: river valley)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 11 %
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Locality: Vilnius city, Lithuania (soil type: gravel; natural habitat: abandoned field)
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Aerial parts | Lithuania |
NP Content: 4.5 %
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| Species Name: Ferulago angulata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Fresh F.angulata were leaves gathered and air dried in May, 2004 and the seeds collected in October, 2004 from both habitats (Shahoo and Nevakoh Mountains), Kermanshah Province western Iran.
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| Factor Function |
The oil yield from seed was 5-fold that from leaves (3.2%/100g compared to 0.63%/100g). Cis-ocimene was the major constituent of the seed oil from both regions (64.8% and 76.11%) and a prominent constituent (>20% of the total oil) of the leaf oils of both habitats. alpha-Pinene was the next main component (7-27%) of all 4 oils. Seed oils, with one major component (cis-ocimene), differed from the leaf oils, which were composed mostly of 3 components (alpha-pinene, cis-ocimene, & germacrene D). Distinctions between the oils of the two habitats were less marked than the leaf-oil/seed-oil differences; the cis-ocimene content was higher and alpha-pinene was less in both seedand leaf-oils of the Shahoo habitats than the Nevakoh ecotype; trans-verbenol was absent from the Shahoo leaves, but reached a content of 5.8% in Nevahoh leaf-oil. Further distinctions were found in the content/presence/absence of 20-30 minor components of the oils.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Seed: (Locality: Shahoo Mountains, Kermanshah Province, western Iran)
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Seeds | Iran |
NP Content: 0.34 %
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| Species Name: Pulicaria dysenterica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Aerial parts of P. dysenterica were collected during the flowering stage from two different locations in Greece in August 2002. Sample A: Katara (Perfecture Trikala). Sample B: Arahova (Perfecture Viotia).
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| Factor Function |
Fifty-four components were identified representing 80.5% (sample A) and 72.6% (sample B) of the total oils. The main components in sample A were (Z)-nerolidol (11.2%), caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) and (E)-nerolidol (6.6%), while those of sample B were beta-caryophyllene (12.8%), caryophyllene oxide (12.8%) and (E)-nerolidol (6.9%).
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Locality: Katara, Perfecture Trikala, Greece
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Aerial parts | Greece |
NP Content: 1.1 %
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Locality: Arahova, Perfecture Viotia, Greece
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Aerial parts | Greece |
NP Content: 3.5 %
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