| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Species Name: Lentil var. Tina | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: H2O2 Treatment; Mannitol Treatment; NaCl Treatment; High Temperature Treatment; Low Temperature Treatment | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Seeds were sterilized in 1% (v/v) sodium hypochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 10 min, then drained and washed with distilled water until they reached neutral pH. They were placed in distilled water and soaked for 6 h at 25 ℃ . Seeds were dark germinated for 8 days in a growth chamber (SANYO MLR-350H) on Petri dishes (125 mm) lined with absorbent paper. Seedlings were watered with 5 ml of Milli-Q water daily. Sprout (8-day-old) samples were gently collected, weighed (fresh mass), rapidly frozen and kept in polyethylene bags at -20 ℃ . For each treatment, three replicates were performed.Elicitation conditions were selected in previous screening studies. For the experiments, temperature (4 ℃ and 40 ℃ - TC and TH, respectively), H2O2 (20 mM and 200 mM - Ox1 and Ox2, respectively), mannitol (200 mM and 600 mM - Os1 and Os2, respectively) and NaCl (100 mM and 300 mM - S-Os1 and S-Os2, respectively) were selected as abiotic elicitors. All solutions were freshly prepared before each application. Mannitol (Os1, Os2), NaCl (S-O1, S-O2) and H2O2 (Ox1) treatments were applied by watering daily (not soaking) 2-day-old sprouts with 5 ml of test solution. For Ox2 (200 mM H2O2) treatment 2-day-old seedlings were only once watered with 5 ml of 200 mM H2O2 and then cultivated under standard conditions. For temperature conditioning treatment, 2-day-old sprouts were incubated at 4 ℃ and 40 ℃ (TC and TH, respectively) for 1 h and then cultivated under standard conditions. Sprout (8-day-old) samples were gently collected, weighed (fresh mass), rapidly frozen and kept in polyethylene bags at -20 ℃ .
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| Factor Function |
Application of abiotic elicitors (environmental shocks) was an effective method for improvement of sprout pro-health potential via an increase of phenolic contents and subsequent elevation of antioxidant potential. Innovative application of elicitors on 2-day-old sprouts (not seed) allowed the elimination of the unfavorable influence of the factors employed on germination yield and biomass production. Assuming that the optimal germination conditions are those which most effectively increase the antioxidant potential without any negative influence on biomass accumulation and nutritional quality the elicitation with 20 mM H2O2 for the future applications is recommended.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Normal condition
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Sprouts | NA |
NP Content: 4.40 ± 0.03 mg/g flour
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| Species Name: Prunus persica Batsch cv. 'Yuhua No. 2' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Low Temperature Treatment; Glycine betaine Treatment | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Peach fruit (Prunus persica Batsch cv. 'Yuhua No. 2') was hand-harvested at commercial maturity (about 9-12N firmness, 10-12% total soluble solids) from a local orchard in Nanjing, China. The fresh weight of 'Yuhua No. 2' peach is about 215g and the dry weight is about 30g. The fruit shape is round and the diameter size is about 72 mm. The peaches were selected in uniform size and color and absence of any damage. The selected peaches were randomly divided into two groups, each with 360 fruits for 3 replicates. According to our previous study, 10 mmol/LGB was selected as the treatment concentration. Peach fruits were immersed in 10 mmol/LGB solution for 10 min to ensure that GB could be equally distributed on the fruits. The control fruits were soaked in sterile deionized water for 10 min. After treatment, all fruits were air dried about 30 min and stored at 0℃ with a relative humidity of 85-90% for 35 days. Mesocarp samples were collected from 18 fruits on the 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th day and frozen in liquid nitrogen, then stored at -80℃ until biochemical analysis. Another 18 fruits were removed from 0℃ after 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th, 35th day, and held at 20℃ for three days to simulate shelf condition, and then evaluated CI index, firmness and extractable juice. Each treatment was replicated three times and the experiment was conducted twice with similar results.
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| Factor Function |
Glycine betaine (GB) treatment enhanced chilling tolerance throughout regulating phenolic and sugar metabolisms in peach fruit during cold storage. The alleviation of chilling injury (CI) by GB treatment may be attributed to enhancement of individual of phenolic compounds and sucrose content, and induce the activities of enzymes related to phenolic and sugar metabolisms.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cold storage(days): 0
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 0.75 ± 0.03 mg/g fresh weight
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Cold storage(days): 7
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/g fresh weight
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10 mmol/L Glycine betaine + Cold storage(days): 7
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 1.16 ± 0.08 mg/g fresh weight
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Cold storage(days): 21
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 0.78 ± 0.06 mg/g fresh weight
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10 mmol/L Glycine betaine + Cold storage(days): 10
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 1.03 ± 0.06 mg/g fresh weight
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Cold storage(days): 35
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/g fresh weight
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10 mmol/L Glycine betaine + Cold storage(days): 35
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Flesh tissues | Nanjing, China |
NP Content: 0.61 ± 0.04 mg/g fresh weight
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