| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Species Name: Aquilaria agallocha | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Plant Pathogen Infection | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Artificial inoculation of fungal isolates: The most frequently isolated fungi from infected agarwood (e.g. Chaetomium globosum and Fusarium oxysporum) were inoculated to the healthy plants by artifi cial boring on to the plants. Inoculation was made with two different fungi alone and in their combination. Observations were made at an interval of 30 days after inoculation.
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| Factor Function |
This investigation showed a marked difference in the oil compositions among the treatments with regards to their quality. Valerianol (3.0%) and tetradec-anioc acid (7.1%) contents were recorded higher in the oils of naturally infected plants than in that of healthy ones (0.1% and 6.9%, respectively). Pentadecenoic acid was totally absent in the oils of healthy, whereas it was found in a greater amount (6.8%) in the oil of naturally infected plants. In contrast, dodecanoic acid (3.1%), pentadecanoic acid (6.2%), hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) and octadecanoic acid (4.1%) were found in a higher amount in the oils of healthy plants, while the oils obtained from naturally infected plants contained lower amounts of these components (2.5%, 4.8%, 20.0% and 1.0%, respectively). The oils obtained from the inoculated plants showed almost similar distribution of the components with healthy plants.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Naturally infected plants (C. globosum or F. oxysporum)
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Wood chips | India |
NP Content: 2.1 %
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| Species Name: Fritillaria imperialis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Plants of the F. imperialis cultivars Premier (very strong foxy odor) and Lutea (strong foxy odor), the F. imperialis subspecies Inodora (no odor), a cross between F. imperialis Lutea × Inodora (F1 generation, faint foxy odor) were grown from bulbs during the spring and early summer in clay soil near Midlum (Province of Friesland, The Netherlands). Bulbs, newly grown from these plants, were harvested in mid-June and stored, after removal of soil, at ambient temperature until analysis, which occurred in October and November.
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| Factor Function |
GC-O revealed that the foxy odor was caused by a single component, identified as 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol on the basis of smell in GC-O analyses (two GC columns), mass spectra, and retention times. The abundance of 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is consistent with the intensity of foxy Fritillaria odor in the F. imperialis cultivars: Premier > Lutea >> Lutea × Inodora, where the latter did not show a detectable peak in GC-MS.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Fritillaria imperialis cv. Inodora (no odor)
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Flowers | Netherlends |
NP Content: 0.8 %
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Fritillaria imperialis cv. Lutea × Inodora (faint foxy odor)
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Flowers | Netherlends |
NP Content: 4 %
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Fritillaria imperialis cv. Lutea (strong foxy odor)
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Flowers | Netherlends |
NP Content: 0.5 %
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Fritillaria imperialis cv. Premier (very strong foxy odor)
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Flowers | Netherlends |
NP Content: 1.3 %
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| Species Name: Thymus striatus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Locality Variation | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Aerial parts of the plant were collected from four localities: A = Kirklareli: Karadere in May 1991; B = Kirklareli: Karahamza Village in May 1990; C = Kirklareli: Evciler Village on 13 June 1993; D = Kirklareli: Korukoy on 25 May 1994
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| Factor Function |
The four oils obtained from plants collected in different localities of the same region gave quite different compositions as follows: A: thymol (10.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.96%), p-cymene (9.48%), carvacrol (5.28%); B: beta-caryophyllene (29.50%), carvacrol(20.59%); C: thymol (34.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.74%), carvacrol (5.24%); D: beta-caryophyllene (56.48%), germacrene D (11.12%), carvacrol (4.85%). Since the identities of the plant materials were checked repeatedly, any misidentification is ruled out. Except for A and C, all the other materials showed beta-caryophyllene as the major constituent. Carvacrol (20.59%) was present in good amount in the oil of B. In A, however, high percentages of 1,8-cineole (10%) and p-cymene (9.5%) were significant. This oil contained only a trace amount of beta-caryophyllene. Four isomeric caryophyllene alcohols were detected in the oil B. The results clearly indicate that the oil of T. striatus var. interruptus has no consistency and we can safely suggest that there are at least three chemotypes, namely thymol/1,8-cineole/p-cymene-type; thymol/beta-caryophyllene-type; and beta-caryophyllene-type, of this species.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Locality: Karadere, Kirklareli, Turkey
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Aerial parts | Kirklareli, Turkey |
NP Content: 0.1 %
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