General Information of Factor (ID: FP098)
  Factor Name GYM Medium
  Factor Type Environmental Conditions
  Factor Description
Each microbial strain has the potential to produce multiple compounds, but only subsets of these compounds are made under specific growth conditions. Therefore, variations in cultivation parameters can elicit the production and discovery of new secondary metabolites by changing cultivation parameters such as media composition, various nutrients, trace elements, physical parameters (i.e., pH, temperature), and chemical elicitors (i.e., sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics, communication molecules). Moreover, the co-cultivation of microbes and the addition of factors affecting epigenetic control can also be framed within the OSMAC principle.
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 The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by This Factor
      Species Name: Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans strain AGLS2
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Collection of the plants A. conyzoides L. was carried after careful scrutiny of the area around the department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Lahore. For pre-culture, 2 × 200 ml GYM broth was prepared and pH was adjusted to 7.8. Inoculation was done by adding agar blocks cut from well grown plates. Linear shaking incubation was done at 180 rpm for 3 days at 28 ℃. For crude extract preparation, 2 × 300 m/L of GYM broth for each strain was prepared and the pH was adjusted to 7.8 with 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. For each strain duplicate flasks were prepared and two flasks were kept for negative control. The prepared media were autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 20 min. Each flask was inoculated with the 10% pre-culture and incubated at 180 rpm on linear shakers for 3 days at 28 ℃.
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            7-Octadecenamide [1]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium (28℃ + 3 days + PH7.8)
   NP Info    NA Lahore, Pakistan
NP Content: 48.2 mg
            9,12-Octadecadienamide, N-((4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)Methyl)-, (E,E)- [1]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium (28℃ + 3 days + PH7.8)
   NP Info    NA Lahore, Pakistan
NP Content: 42.7 mg
      Species Name: Streptomyces collinus strain SP8
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 5.15 ± 0.17 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 27.35 ± 0.36 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 53.29 ± 1.48 µg/ml
      Species Name: Streptomyces diastaticus strain SP2
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 13.26 ± 0.66 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 34.42 ± 0.48 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 61.16 ± 1.77 µg/ml
      Species Name: Streptomyces fradiae strain SP4
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 5.99 ± 0.13 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 25.55 ± 1.28 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 45.83 ± 1.82 µg/ml
      Species Name: Streptomyces griseus strain SP12
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 15.87 ± 1.50 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 39.48 ± 2.49 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 64.61 ± 1.93 µg/ml
      Species Name: Streptomyces olivochromogenes strain SP5
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 6.66 ± 0.08 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 24.71 ± 1.99 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 47.25 ± 1.60 µg/ml
      Species Name: Streptomyces ossamyceticus strain SP10
          Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
          Experiment Detail
Healthy medicinal plants were collected from CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (Banthara) (26° 55′ N, 80° 59′ E), Lucknow, India during June, 2013. Catechol type and hydroxamate siderophores were estimated by Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and Csaky test (Csaky 1948) respectively. The amount of IAA produced by Actinomycetes isolates was determined using GYM broth supplemented with different concentration of l-tryptophan (Basal, 0, 2 and 5 mg/ml) and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 125 rev/min for 7 days (Gordon and Weber 1951). Appearance of a pink colour indicated IAA production. The level of IAA produced was estimated by comparison with an IAA standard. Gibberellic acid (GA3) production was determined according to Borrow et al. (1955)(In submerged aerated culture on Raulin-Thom medium (4% sucrose) in 18 days at 25 ℃.).
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            Indole-3-Acetic Acid [2]
               Factor Link Part Location NP Content
 
GYM medium with 0 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 5.90 ± 0.02 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 2 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 32.74 ± 2.15 µg/ml
 
GYM medium with 5 mg/ml L-tryptophan (30℃ + 7 days)
   NP Info    Roots Lucknow, India
NP Content: 60.11 ± 0.97 µg/ml

References
1 Rare actinomycetes Nocardia caishijiensis and Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans as endophytes, their bioactivity and metabolites evaluation
2 Evaluation of antagonistic and plant growth promoting activities of chitinolytic endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants against Sclerotium rolfsii in chickpea