Details of Natural Product (NP)

General Information of Natural Product (ID: NP0015)
Natural Product Name	Neryl Acetate
Synonyms	Neryl acetate; 141-12-8; Nerol acetate; (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate; Neryl ethanoate; cis-Geranyl acetate; cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl acetate; UNII-OF82IJU18H; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, 1-acetate, (2Z)-; cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol acetate; [(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate; NSC-72031; OF82IJU18H; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate, (Z)-; (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate; MFCD00063205; 3,7-Dimethyl-2Z,6-octadienyl acetate; Geranyl acetate, cis-; Nerol acetate (6CI); NERYLACETATE; Neryl acetate (natural); FEMA No. 2773; EINECS 205-459-2; BRN 1722814; Acetic acid neryl ester; AI3-35817; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (Z)-; DSSTox_CID_27068; DSSTox_RID_82084; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl acetate, cis-; DSSTox_GSID_47068; 2-02-00-00153 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl ethanoate, cis-; SCHEMBL236190; Neryl acetate, natural, 90%; CHEMBL2268549; DTXSID2047068; CHEBI:141210; Linalyl, geranyl acetates, mixture; Neryl acetate, analytical standard; 16409-44-2; NSC72031; ZINC4528568; Tox21_301974; 6855AA; BDBM50036947; LMFA07010194; s9373; Neryl acetate, >=98%, FCC, FG; AKOS016009834; 2, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate, (Z)-; CCG-266557; CS-W015699; HY-W014983; NCGC00256089-01; AS-68365; CAS-141-12-8; (2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate; cis-1-acetoxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-diene; N0463; (2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate #; A885701; cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl acetate, 98%; Q1368877; 130396-85-9 Click to Show/Hide
Formula	C₁₂H₂₀O₂
Weight	196.29
Structure
Structure	3D Structure Download		2D Structure Download
InChI	InChI=1S/C12H20O2/c1-10(2)6-5-7-11(3)8-9-14-12(4)13/h6,8H,5,7,9H2,1-4H3/b11-8-
InChI Key	HIGQPQRQIQDZMP-FLIBITNWSA-N
Isomeric SMILES	CC(=CCC/C(=C\\COC(=O)C)/C)C
Canonical SMILES	CC(=CCCC(=CCOC(=O)C)C)C
External Links	PubChem ID	1549025
	CAS ID	141-12-8
	NPASS ID	NPC26600
	CHEMBL ID	CHEMBL2268549
NP Activity Charts	Click to show/hide
Activity Info

The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s)
Species Name: Artemisia absinthium
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[1]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Ten different plants of wormwood were collected in March 1997 from each one of the following four wild populations in the Spanish Pyrenees: Tallo de Aulet (prov. Huesca) and Pont de Suert, Sort and Farga de Moles (prov. Lleida). In three of the four populations studied, there was another chemotype, with 25-65% of cis-epoxyocimene and 15-50% of chrysanthenyl acetate. This chemotype, called chemotype B, was less frequent in the Pyrenees than the chemotype A, appearing only in 17% of the samples (two samples in TallO de Aulet and in Pont de Suert and three samples in Farga de Moles). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Two chemotypes were detected; a cis-epoxyocimene type (with more than 50% of this compound) which was predominant in all the populations, and a cis-epoxyocimene + chrysanthenyl acetate type (with 25-65% of cis-epoxyocimene and 15-50% of chrysanthenyl acetate). The distribution of these chemotypes had no relation with the altitude of the samples. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (cis-epoxyocimene type)			Leaves	Spain		NP Content: <0.03 %
Chemotype (cis-epoxyocimene + chrysanthenyl acetate type)			Leaves	Spain		NP Content: 0.16 %
Species Name: Citrus aurantifolia
	Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation				[2]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh mature lime fruits were harvested from experimental orchards of I.I.H.R., Bangalore at six ripening stages: Peel color; Dark Green, Light Green, Color Turning, 1/2 Yellow, 3/4th Yellow and Full Yellow. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The constituents of lime oil mainly belong to two categories: hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The hydrocarbons were 85.4% of the peel oil isolated from full yellow fruits compared to 57.5% in green fruits. The most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbons, limonene and beta-pinene, showed gradual increase during ripening of lime fruit and they together accounted for 70.7% in full yellow fruits. Organoleptically important oxygenated compounds (neral, geranial, linalool and geraniol) were found to be rich in oil isolated from the peel of green fruits (29.7%); however, it decreased to 8.4% when color of the fruit turned to full yellow. Neral and geranial were found to be high in the peel oil of green fruits (7.8%) compared to full yellow fruits (2.5%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Fruit: Dark green stage			Fruits (dark green)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.7 %
Fruit: Light green stage			Fruits (light green)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.4 %
Fruit: Color turning stage			Fruits (color turn)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.3 %
Fruit: Half yellow stage			Fruits (half yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.3 %
Fruit: 3/4th yellow stage			Fruits (3/4th yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.2 %
Fruit: Full yellow stage			Fruits (full yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 0.9 %
*Species Name: Citrus sinensis* (Hongjiang)**
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[3]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Four kinds of fresh sweet oranges were obtained in the same season, November 2000, in Guangzhou. Citrus sinensis var. Hongjiang (called 'hong jiang chen' in Chinese) and C. sinensis Osbeck var. Anliu (called 'luo gang chen') were obtained at an orchard in Luo gang in Guangzhou (25 km from the center of Guangzhou). Citrus sinensis var. Sihui (called 'sihui ju') was harvested at the Shigou Experimental Farm in Sihui City in Guangdong Province (75 km far away from Guangzhou). Citrus sinensis var. Washington navel (called 'qi chen') which was produced in Jiangxi Province (200 km from Guangzhou; bordering Guangdong Province), was purchased at the wholesale market in Guangzhou. All oranges were kept in a cold room until prepared a few days later. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The peel oil compositions of four kinds of sweet oranges in China, Citrus sinensis Osbeck var. Hongjian, C. sinensis Osbeck var. Anliu, C. sinensis Osbeck var. Sihui and C. sinensis Osbeck var. Washington navel, were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils were extracted by cold-pressing method. Forty-two to 53 compounds were quantitatively determined for each variety. Their percentages, respectively, were: > 97.3%, > 98.4%, > 97.5% and > 98.0% in hydrocarbons; > 1.5%, > 0.7%, > 0.8% and > 0.9% in total aldehydes; 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.5% in alcohols. Either cis-or trans-limonene oxide was detected in small amounts in each of the four samples, with Hongjiang containing both limonene oxides. delta-3-Carene was commonly quantified at a level of 0.1% in all the samples. The content of aliphatic aldehydes, including octanal, nonanal, decanal and dodecanal, exceeded that of terpene aldehydes, such as neral and geranial in Hongjiang (0.9%) and Washington navel (0.6%), whereas the aliphatic aldehydes in Anliu and Sihui were present to a lesser degree than the terpene aldehydes. Either alpha- or beta-sinensal was detected in trace amounts in each of the four samples. Linalool was the major alcohol in all the samples. Nootkatone was not detected. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Citrus sinensis var. Anliu			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Citrus sinensis var. Washington navel			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Species Name: Coriandrum sativum
	Factor Name: NaCl Treatment				[4]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Plant material: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits were collected from cultivated plants in the region of Korba (northeastern Tunisia) in April 2006. Seeds were set to germinate at 25 ℃. Ten-day-old coriander seedlings were grown in quarter-strength Hoagland's solution laced with 0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM and 75 mM of NaCl. The culture was placed in a greenhouse with 25 ℃ day maximum and 18 ℃ night minimum, under artificial light of 141 µmol/m² /s (6000 lux) with 16 h photoperiod and 60-80% air humidity. Nutrient solution was continuously aerated. Growth parameters: Plants were harvested at the seedling stage 3 weeks after treatment. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Essential oil content was 1762.64 µg/g dry weight (DW) (0.18%) and 1255.77 µg/g DW (0.12%) in stems and leaves, respectively. At low and moderate stress, a significant difference in the essential oil content was developed between stems, with a significant decrease, and leaves, with an increase up to 43%. Under high salinity, the oil content of both organs decreased significantly. The major volatile compound of stems and leaves was (E)-2-decenal with 24% and 52%, respectively. Other important components were decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-tridecenal and (E)-2-undecanal. Further, the content of these compounds were affected differently by the treatment level and by the organ type. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
0 mM NaCl (Control)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.08 %
0 mM NaCl (Control)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.77 %
25mM NaCl			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.24 %
25mM NaCl			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.88 %
50 mM NaCl			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.29 %
50 mM NaCl			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.33 %
75 mM NaCl			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
75 mM NaCl			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.85 %
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[5]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Two samples (20 kg each) of mature coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits were used for this study. The first was purchased from a spice market of Korba in Tunisia (Tn), the second, from Canada (Can), was supplied by General Herboristerie Laboratory (Marseille, France). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The first from Tunisia (Tn) and the second from Canada (Can). The highest essential oil yield was observed for Can with 0.44% (w/w) and 0.37% (w/w) for Tn. Forty-five compounds were identified in the essential oils and the main compound of both samples was linalool. The total phenol contents varied between two coriander fruit samples; Can sample presented high polyphenol contents (15.16 mg GAE/g) compared with Tn one (12.10 mg GAE/g). Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among representing 0.7 mg GAE/g in Can and 0.34 mg GAE/g in Tn. The highest contents of total flavonoids were observed in Can sample with 13.2 mg CE/g. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Canada			Fruits	Canada		NP Content: < 0.1 %
Species Name: Dittrichia graveolens
	Factor Name: Altitude Variation				[6]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Wild growing D. graveolens samples were collected from Bekaa-877′ (4 samples) and Sannine-1842′ (3 samples) during the flowering period, between September and November of 2003. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The major differences in oil composition between the two populations are the variation in the concentrations of T-cadinol and borneol. The differences can also be ascribed to the distinct climatic pattern of the two samples: Sannine is located in the Mount Lebanon chain of mountains and characterized by heavy precipitations and snow, while the Bekaa valley is shielded by this same chain of mountains, resulting in dry summers and cold winters with less humidity and precipitations. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Bekka, Lebanon; Altitude 877 m			Leaves and flowers	Lebanon		NP Content: 0.08 %
Species Name: Mentha spicata
	Factor Name: Month Variation				[7]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Plant material: Leaves of M. spicata plants were collected from a wild population of Mt. Pangeon (alt. 600 m, 40° 55′ N/ 24° 12′ E). Collections were conducted every month during the growing period (April to October). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The oil content ranged from 0.1-1.8%, with the maximum values in late summer/early autumn. The essential oil obtained from the leaves was characterized by a very high content in linalool, i.e. 85.0-93.9% of the total oil (highest percentage in mid-autumn). Other oil constituents occurring in much lower amounts were germacrene D (up to 4.2%), beta-caryophyllene (up to 2.6%) and 1,8-cineole (up to 2.1%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Harvesting time: May			Leaves	Greece		NP Content: <0.05 %
Species Name: Myrtus communis var. italica
	Factor Name: Month Variation				[8]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Myrtle (M. communis var. italica) aerial parts were collected monthly during 2006-2007 from Jbal Stara of Haouaria region in North Tunisia, belonging to a subhumid bioclimate. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		In conclusion, high fluctuations were observed in the oil yields and composition of different parts of Myrtus communis var. italica during all the collecting periods. They could be explained by genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, significant differences were revealed in the main oil compounds. alpha-Pinene percentages showed the most remarkable changes among the different part oils. So, leaf oils contained more alpha-pinene than those of the fruits and stems during the myrtle vegetative cycle. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Leaf: (Harvesting time: January)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: February)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: March)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: April)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: May)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.6 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: June)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.3 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: July)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: August)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: September)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: October)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.3 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: November)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.2 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: December)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: January)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: August)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 3.8 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: September)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: October)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: November)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.3 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: December)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: January)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 3.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: February)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 2.9 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: March)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 2.8 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: April)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 7.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: May)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.2 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: June)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.8 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: July)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.4 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: August)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.7 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: September)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: October)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.3 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: November)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.8 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: December)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 4.6 %
Species Name: Ocimum basilicum
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[9]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Benth, Ocimum basilicum var. dianatnejadii Salimi at flowering stage were collected from plants grown in Experimental Station of Pykan Shahr, near Tehran. Elevation 1215 m above sea level, latitude 35° 42′ North, 51° 8′ East, average humidity 36% and climatic category semi-arid. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Methyl chavicol (43.0%) and linalool (28.9%) were identified as the major compounds in the oil of O. basilicum var. purpurascens, while methyl chavicol (37.6%), linalool (33.4%) and alpha-cadinol (5.7%) were the major constituents in the oil of O. basilicum var. dianatnejadii. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Ocimum basilicum var. dianatnejadii Salimi			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 0.3 %
*Species Name: Ocimum basilicum* L**
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[10]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The study was conducted in North-Central Anatolia under semi arid conditions. Seeds of 18 basil landraces (O. basilicum L.) were collected from local farms and home gardens in Turkey. To examine essential oil composition of the basil landraces without environmental influences, the plants were grown under identical (same environmental and soil conditions) conditions. Seeds were sown on a medium (1:1:1 washed sand, horse manure and field soil) in greenhouse conditions on March 25, 2003. Seedlings were grown until the 3-5 leaf stage. The seedlings were transplanted into pilots in the Gaziosmanpasxa University Experimental Research Station on May 15, 2003. The plants were harvested at the full blooming stage and dried at 35 ℃ for essential oil isolation. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Variation of essential oils in the landraces was subjected to cluster analysis, and seven different chemotypes were identified. They were (1) linalool, (2) methyl cinnamate, (3) methyl cinnamate/linalool, (4) methyl eugenol, (5) citral, (6) methyl chavicol (estragol), and (7) methyl chavicol/citral. Methyl chavicol with high citral contents (methyl chavicol/citral) can be considered as a 'new chemotype' in the Turkish basils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (methyl chavicol and citral-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 0.3 %
Species Name: Persea americana
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison; Locality Variation				[11]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Experimental: Two hundred grams of healthy mature intact leaves were harvested from each of the taxa growing on their own rootstocks at the UC South Coast Research and Extension Center. flocc = P. americana var. floccosa from Mexico D-7; stey = P. americana var. steyermarkii from Mexico El Salvador 3-22-16; nubi = P. americana var. nubigena from Guatemala 45-C-1; mex = P. americena var. drymfolia from Tasco, Mexico; guat = P. americana var. guatemalensis cult. Nimlioh from Florida; bwl = P. ameticana var. americana cult. Trapp from Florida. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Analysis of oils showed the presence of over 90 components, of which 76 were identified. P. schiedeana oil was found to contain alpha-pinene (23.7%), beta-pinene (23.2%) and beta-caryophyllene as major components. The major constituents of P. americana var. floccosa and P. americana var. steyermarkii were alpha-pinene (10.9%, 7.6%), beta-pinene (20.6%, 10.4%), alpha-terpineol (9.6%, 7.9%), beta-caryophyllene (12.6%, 8.4%), viridiflorene (0.1%, 10.3%) and globulol (0.1%, 9.2%), respectively. The oils of P. americana var. nubigena and P. americana var. drymifolia contained alpha-terpineol (18.4%, 393%) and methylchavicol (12.4%, 40.2%), as major components, respectively. P. americana var. guatemalensis was found to be rich in beta-caryophyllene (38.3%), while the oils of P. americana var. americana and P. primatogena contained alpha-pinene (27.5%) and beta-pinene (40.9%), and alpha-pinene (24.6%), beta-caryophyllene (20.7%) and germacene D (10.1%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Persea americana var. americana cv. Trapp (Locality: Florida)			Leaves	Florida, USA		NP Content: 0.1 %
Persea americana var. floccosa (Locality: Mexico)			Leaves	Mexico		NP Content: 0.01 %
Persea americana var. nubigena (Locality: Guatemala)			Leaves	Guatemala		NP Content: 0.01 %
Species Name: Piper nigrum
	Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison; Harvest Time Variation				[12]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The cultivars selected for this study are Sreekara, Vellanamban and one Indonesian cultivar Kutching grown in Kerala. These cultivars are commonly cultivated in the northern parts of Kerala. The fresh berries of the authenticated cultivars were collected from Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut and were dried in a cross flow drier at 45 ℃ and taken for the analysis. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The main components of vellanamban oil were sabinene (3.9-18.8%), beta-pinene (3.9-10.9%), limonene (8.3-19.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (28.4- 32.9%). Sreekara oil contained as major compounds beta-pinene (0-11.2%), limonene (20.1-22.1%) and beta-caryophyllene (16.8-23.1 %). Kutching oil contained alpha-pinene(2.3-5.4%), sabinene (6.7-13.3%), limonene (14.5-17.5%) and beta-caryophyllene (20.8-39.1%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Piper nigrum cv. Kuching: (Harvesting time: 1990)			Berries	India		NP Content: <0.1 %
Piper nigrum cv. Kuching: (Harvesting time: 1991)			Berries	India		NP Content: 0.1 %
Piper nigrum cv. Sreekara: (Harvesting time: 1991)			Berries	India		NP Content: <0.1 %
Piper nigrum cv. Sreekara: (Harvesting time: 1992)			Berries	India		NP Content: <0.1 %
Piper nigrum cv. Vellanamban: (Harvesting time: 1990)			Berries	India		NP Content: <0.1 %
Piper nigrum cv. Vellanamban: (Harvesting time: 1991)			Berries	India		NP Content: 0.2 %
Piper nigrum cv. Vellanamban: (Harvesting time: 1992)			Berries	India		NP Content: 0.2 %
Species Name: Rosa damascena
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[13]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Experimental site: The present study was conducted at the experimental farm of the CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (1325 m amsl, 32° 06′ 05″ N, 76° 34′10″ E), India, in 2011. Minimum temperature ranges from 3.5 ℃ to 19.8 ℃, maximum temperature ranges from 15.2 ℃ to 31.4 ℃, relative humidity varies between 62.2% and 94.1% in the morning and 45.0% and 87.2% in the evening, and bright sunshine hour ranges from 2.9 to 8.9 hours. Plant material: A population of approximately 50,000 plants raised from mixed stem cuttings collected from perennial rose plantations at the University of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, and maintained in the field of the CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India, were utilized as an original gene pool of R. damascena. Two varieties, Jwala and Himroz were diversified through selections of desirable traits (morphological/oil content) across 25,000 plants. The five elites, three of R. damascena var. Jwala, (Indica, Super jwala and Jwala) and two of R. damascena var. Himroz (Hot himroz and Himroz) were developed through field selections and maintained at the Natural Plant Products Division Experimental Farm of the Institute. Rosa bourboniana plants were collected from the Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre, Kannauj, UP, India, during 1992 and maintained at the Natural Plant Products Division Experimental Farm of the Institute. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The essential oil content of the varieties of R. damascena varied from 0.037% to 0.051% and that of R. bourboniana was 0.017%. Super jwala recorded the highest oil content (0.051%). A total of 32 components were identified in the different varieties of rose oil. These components constituted 78.1-93.5% of the total rose oil species. The main components of rose oil were citronellol + nerol (16.3-30.1%), geraniol (15.8-29.3%), linalool (0.7-1.9%), rose oxide (0.9-2.6%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (0.1-0.4%), eugenol (0.3-2.2%), nonadecane (7.3-14.7%). The content of citronellol + nerol (30.1%) and geraniol (29.3%) was the highest in Himroz compared with other varieties. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Rosa damascena var. Himroz			Flowers	India		NP Content: trace %
Rosa damascena var. Hot Himroz			Flowers	India		NP Content: 0.3 %
Rosa damascena var. Indica			Flowers	India		NP Content: 0.3 %
Rosa damascena var. Jwala			Flowers	India		NP Content: 0.3 %
Rosa damascena var. Super Jwala			Flowers	India		NP Content: 0.3 %
Species Name: Salvia sclarea
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[14]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		200 g of fresh flowering spikes were collected randomly at full bloom stage (browning of lower floret stage) from the 2006-2007 crops of clary sage cultivar CIM-Chandni cultivated at CIMAP Lucknow and resource center Purara, Uttarakhand. The oil of Kashmir origin was collected from the Chemistry division of IIIM Jammu. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Linalool (23.6%), alpha-terpineol (3.8%), linalyl acetate (51.2%), beta-caryophyllene (3.2%), germacrene D (1.3%) and sclareol (1.3%) were recorded in the oil S. sclarea cultivated in Lucknow UP while the Kashmir oil sample possessed the highest percentage of linalyl acetate (60.8%) and lowest linalool (14.5%) along with alpha-terpineol (1.8%), geranyl acetate (2.2%), beta-caryophyllene (1.9%), germacrene D (2.6%) and sclareol (1.3%) as the other minor constituents. In contrast, the oil of S. sclarea from Purara in Uttarakhand showed highest percentage of linalool (29.8%), alpha-terpineol (5.3%) and sclareol (2.3%) and the lowest linalyl acetate (45.7%) among all the three samples. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Lucknow UP, India			Spikes	India		NP Content: 1.4 %
Locality: Jammu and Kashmir, India			Spikes	India		NP Content: 0.9 %
Locality: Uttarakhand, India			Spikes	India		NP Content: 1.5 %
Species Name: Stachys pilifera
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[15]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Plant material and isolation procedure: Aerial parts of the plant were collected from two regions, from Kazeroon in southern Iran and Shahr-e-kord in western Iran at the time of flowering in June 2002. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The main components of the oil of S. pilifera collected from Kazeroon, in southern Iran, were spathulenol (15.8%), cis-chrysanthenol (15.3%), beta-caryophyllene (8.4%) and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (6.9%), while for the plant collected from Shahr-e-kord, in western Iran, they were cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (21.8%), linalool (18.9%), terpinen-4-ol (11.9%) and cis-chrysanthenol (9.2%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Shahr-e-kord, western Iran			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 1.4 %
Species Name: Tanacetum dolichophyllum
	Factor Name: Altitude Variation				[16]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Wild growing Tanacetum dolichophyllum samples were collected during the period of full flowering, between September-October 2009 from high alpine meadows of Western Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India): Sample I (Dayara, altitude 3200 m) and Sample II (Tungnath, altitude 3800 m). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Plant collected from Dayara meadow (Sample I) afforded cis-lanceol (11.8%), beta-pinene (10.7%), (E)- beta-farnesene (7.4%), alpha-bisabolol (7.2%), beta-eudesmol (5.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.1%) as the major constituents, whereas in the sample collected from Tungnath (Sample II) beta-eudesmol (31.4%), alpha-bisabolol (10.7%) were the most abundant components followed by neryl acetate (5.8%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (5.7%). The composition was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (49.2-71.1%). The oils are clearly different from those of all other previously reported T. dolichophyllum oils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Dayara; Altitude 3200m			Aerial parts	Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India		NP Content: 0.3 %
Locality: Tungnath; Altitude 3800m			Aerial parts	Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India		NP Content: 5.8 %
Species Name: Teucrium flavum
	Factor Name: Month Variation; Developmental Stage Variation				[17]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The aerial parts of T. flavum were collected in different periods from December to July 2006, from plants growing along the Ionic coast of Sicily (Italy). LF 1-LF 2-LF 3: represent the composition of leaf oils of plant samples collected in December (vegetative stage), February (pre-flowering stage) and April (budding stage) respectively; FL: flower oil; FR: fruit oil. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Some components, in all investigated plant parts, remained more or less constant during all the different phases of the plant cycle life. Worthy of note, considering the leaf oils, was that beta-pinene, limonene and germacrene D increased in the pre-flowering stage, while a series of esters and alpha-copaene, beta-caryophyllene, viridiflorol, Tmuurolol and phytol increased in the budding stage (LF3); the vegetative stage oil is generally characterized by a rich chemical composition and some constituents such as isoamyl hexanoate, alpha-humulene, bicyclogermacrene, beta-bisabolene and alpha-bisabolol reached their highest levels in this oil. In the flower oil, linalool and 1-octen-3-yl acetate were the main components compared to the amounts found in the other oils. Fruit oil composition was relatively oil poor, with beta-bisabolene, caryophyllene oxide, cadin-4-en-1-ol and phytone as the major constituents. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Harvesting time: April; budding stage			Leaves	Italy		NP Content: 0.1 %

References
1	Essential Oil of Artemisia absinthium L. from the Spanish Pyrenees
2	Changes in the Peel Oil Composition of Kagzi Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) during Ripening
3	Volatile Constituents of the Peel Oils of Several Sweet Oranges in China
4	Salinity Impact on Growth, Essential Oil Content and Composition of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Stems and Leaves
5	Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Tunisian and Canadian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Fruit
6	Chemical Profle of the Dittrichia graveolens (Desf.) Greuter Essential Oil of Lebanese Origin
7	Seasonal Variation of Essential Oils in a Linalool-Rich Chemotype of Mentha Spicata Grown Wild in Greece
8	Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Tunisian Myrtus communis var. italica L. During Its Vegetative Cycle
9	Essential oil composition of four Ocimum species and varieties growing in Iran
10	Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.)
11	Essential Oils of Persea subgenus Persea (Lauraceae)
12	Studies on Essential Oil Composition of Cultivars of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)-V
13	Evaluation of several Rosa damascena varieties and Rosa bourboniana accession for essential oil content and composition in western Himalayas
14	Terpenoid Compositions and Enantio-differentiation of Linalool and Sclareol in Salvia sclarea L. from Three Different Climatic Regions in India
15	Constituents of the Essential Oil of Stachys pilifera Benth. from Iran
16	Variation in the Constituents of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam. from Different Locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)
17	Seasonal Variations of Teucrium flavum L. Essential Oil

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