Details of Natural Product (NP)

General Information of Natural Product (ID: NP0127)
  Natural Product Name
Myrtenol
  Synonyms
Myrtenol; 2-PINEN-10-OL; 515-00-4; (-)-Pin-2-ene-10-ol; Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-; alpha-Pinene-10-ol; (1R)-(-)-Myrtenol; 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene-2-methanol; 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol; (6,6-dimethyl-2-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-enyl)methanol; 2-Hydroxymethyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene; 6,6-Dimethyl-2-hydroxymethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene; Bicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-; Bicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-, (1S)-; 6,6-Dimethyl-2-oxymethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene; (-)-MYRTENOL, 97; 6,6-Dimethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene; Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-, (1S)-; FEMA No. 3439; EINECS 208-193-5; ( )-Myrtenol; NSC 408846; (+/-)-Myrtenol; bmse000555; SCHEMBL155709; CHEMBL443408; (6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)methanol; DTXSID00862089; PINEN-10-OL, L-2-; Myrtenol (.alpha.-pinene-10-ol); NSC408846; AKOS000120271; LMPR0102120022; NSC-408846; DB-065984; FT-0774002; J-012851; 6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3,1,1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol; 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol; Q15425810; (6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)methanol #; rac-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)methanol; 6,6-dimethyl-2-oxymethlybicyclo[1.1.3]-hept-2-ene (myrtenol); 1056567-07-7
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  Formula C10H16O
  Weight 152.23
  Structure Could Not Find 2D Structure
3D Structure Download 2D Structure Download
  InChI InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-10(2)8-4-3-7(6-11)9(10)5-8/h3,8-9,11H,4-6H2,1-2H3
  InChI Key RXBQNMWIQKOSCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  Isomeric SMILES CC1(C2CC=C(C1C2)CO)C
  Canonical SMILES CC1(C2CC=C(C1C2)CO)C
  External Links PubChem ID 10582
CAS ID 515-00-4
NPASS ID NPC107540
CHEMBL ID CHEMBL443408
  NP Activity Charts   Click to show/hide
  Activity Info  

 The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s)
      Species Name: Artemisia annua
  Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison [1]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Populations of A. annua cultivar 'Jeevanraksha' and accession Suraksha were grown in the experimental field plot of the Institute at New Delhi. The seeds were sown in January 2004, seedlings transplanted in late February 2004 and aerial parts (flowers, leaves and stems from the upper 0.5 m of crop canopy) sampled in late October 2004.
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               Factor Function
Ninety-seven compounds comprising 91.3% of the total oil of 'Jeevanraksha' were identified. Forty-three monoterpenes (56.6%), 32 sesquiterpenes (31.1%), and 2 diterpenes (0.2%) comprised bulk of the oil (87.9%). The oil was devoid of artemisia ketone and contained camphor (13.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.4%), trans-sabinol (7.1%), p-mentha-1(7), 5-dien-2-ol (6.3%), myrcene (4.7%), germacrene D (4.4%), (E)-beta-farnesene (3.9%), beta-caryophyllene (3.7%), dihydroartemisinic lactone (3.0%) and p-cymene (2.0%) as the major constituents. Eighty-six compounds representing 93.3% of the composition were identified in the Suraksha oil. This oil contained artemisia ketone (47%), 1,8-cineole (8.4%), camphor (5.9%) and alpha-pinene (5.2%) as the major components.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Artemisia annua accessions Suraksha
 Aerial parts India
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Artemisia annua cv. Jeevanraksha
 Aerial parts India
NP Content: <0.05 %
      Species Name: Artemisia campestris
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [2]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
The aerial parts (~20 cm, 15-100 g) of A. campestris L. from ten different wild populations of Lithuania were gathered at the full flowering stage. Plant material was dried at room temperature (20-25 ℃). Oils (samples 1-10) obtained from Artemisia campestris plants collected at sampling sites (A-I,Y) characterized by locality, city (c.) or district (d.), soil type (Or, ordo; Sn, sand; Sl, sandy loam; Gr, gravel; Lm, loam) and description of natural habitat (Af, abandoned field; Fe, forest edge; Ct, cutting area; Mw, meadow; Rs, roadside; Rv, river valley): A (1) Birstonas c. (Or, Ct); B (2) Palanga c. (Sn, Fe); C (3) Nociunai, Kedainai d. (Or, Mw); D (4) Alytus c. (Sl, Rs); E (5) Moletai c. (Lm, Af); F (6) Kaltanenai, Sencionys d. (Gr, Fe); G (7) Merkine, Alytus d. (Sl, Ct); H (8) Trakai c. (Gr, Af); I (9) Druskininkai c. (Or, Rv); Y (10) Vilnius c. (Gr, Af).
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               Factor Function
The main chemical profile (ten samples) was characterized by the predominance of germacrene D (9.8-31.2%), while spathulenol, humulene epoxide II and caryophyllene oxide were found as the first major compounds in another three oils. One oil was determined as a mixed chemotype. Some compounds such as gamma-curcumene, alpha-cadinol, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, beta-ylangene, beta-selinene and humulene epoxide II have been mentioned for the first time among three principal constituents in A. campestris oils. The fifty-six components made up 73.6.1-98.5% of the total content, while the remaining twenty-six volatile compounds were identified in insignificant amounts in the A. campestris essential oils.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Nociunai, Kedainai district, Lithuania (soil type: ordo; natural habitat: meadow)
 Aerial parts Lithuania
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Locality: Druskininkai city, Lithuania (soil type: ordo; natural habitat: river valley)
 Aerial parts Lithuania
NP Content: <0.05 %
 
Locality: Vilnius city, Lithuania (soil type: gravel; natural habitat: abandoned field)
 Aerial parts Lithuania
NP Content: 0.3 %
      Species Name: Artemisia nilagirica var. Septentrionalis
  Factor Name: Altitude Variation [3]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Leaves from mature plants of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis, before flowering, were collected from different altitudes in Himachal Pradesh such as Shimla (2210 m), Mandi (1044 m) and Manali (2050 m) in June 2005.
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               Factor Function
The major constituents of the oil show variation with changes in altitude. At lower, middle and higher altitudes, the major constituents of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (28.6%), borneol (35.8%) and camphor (46.9%), respectively. The percentages of alpha-humulene and trans-beta-guaiene also increased, but the percentage of sabinene, trans-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, caryophyllene oxide and humulene epoxide-II decreased with an increase in altitude. The characteristic compounds observed in the plants from lower altitudes were 2-hexene-1-ol, beta-thujone, thujanol, myrtenol and linalyl acetate, while the higher altitude plants were characterized by the presence of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, linalool, gamma-gurijunene, germacrene-D and farnesol.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India; Altitude 1044 m
 Leaves Himachal Pradesh, India
NP Content: 0.7 %
      Species Name: Artemisia verlotiorum
  Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation [4]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plant material of A. verlotiorum was harvested near Marseille (France) in May (before blooming) and November (full flowering) 2000.
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               Factor Function
For the oil from the vegetative plants, 50 compounds, representing 99.8% of the oil were characterized. Fifty-nine compounds, representing 99.6% of the oil were identified in the oil from flowering plants. In both cases, the constituents were mainly oxygenated monoterpenes (74% and 88%). The composition of each oil showed only a few differences, as the main components were alpha-thujone (55% and 44%), 1,8-cineole (5% and 15%), beta-caryophyllene (13% and 7%) and beta-thujone (5% and 11%), in the oils of the vegetative plant and flowering plant, respectively. The proportions of the oxygenated compounds seemed to increase during flowering.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Aerial part: before blooming stage
 Aerial parts Marseille, France
NP Content: <0.1 %
 
Aerial part: full flowering stage
 Aerial parts Marseille, France
NP Content: 0.3 %
      Species Name: Cistus ladanifer
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [5]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Cistus ladanifer was collected from two sites, in July-August 2001, after the flowering season. The major quantity was brought from the wild, where the plant was growing in the mountainous region of the center-interior of the country (site 1). A smaller amount was harvested from a cultivated plant in the north of Portugal (site 2) that was propagated from a wild plant found in the dry plain region in the South of Portugal.
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               Factor Function
Considering the oil composition of cistus plants from different sites, there were found some differences. The cistus oil of site 2 had a high content on the ocimenone isomers, an absence of trans-pinocarveol and unknown (compound 17) and a higher quantity of less volatile compounds such as sclareol oxide and 15-nor-labdan-8-ol. Cistus oil from site 1 was richer in sesquiterpene alcohols and 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone. The amount of ambrox was the same for both oils. Considering the use of fresh or dry plant, the composition of cistus from site 2 was more affected, decreasing the amount of components of middle to high volatility and increasing the amount of the less volatiles. Drying promoted the doubling of the amount of ocimenone isomers in cistus oil from site 2 and of unknown (compound 21) and sesquiperpene alcohol (compound 29) in cistus from site 1. Again the quantity of ambrox was the same for both oils.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Fresh plant: (Locality: center-interior of Portugal)
 Leaves and branches Portugal
NP Content: 1.1 %
 
Fresh plant: (Locality: north of Portugal)
 Leaves and branches Portugal
NP Content: 0.7 %
 
Dry plant: (Locality: center-interior of Portugal)
 Leaves and branches Portugal
NP Content: 0.7 %
      Species Name: Fragaria vesca
  Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison [6]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Whole leaves and inflorescences of two wild strawberry cultivars ('Rugia' and 'Baron von Solemacher') harvested in 2008 during the agrotechnical experiment performed by Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, were used as a material for determinations. Samples were collected before noon at sunny and dry days at the beginning of wild strawberry's flowering stage. Material was dried up to 35 ℃ in shadow and air just after the harvest.
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               Factor Function
Depending on a cultivar, air-dry inflorescences from wild strawberry contain from 0.21% ('Baron von Solemacher' cv.) to 0.30% ('Rugia' cv.), whereas leaves contains from 0.46% ('Baron von Solemacher' cv.) to 0.62% ('Rugia' cv.) of essential oils. GC/MS analysis of essential oils achieved from studied materials revealed presence of 70 (including 59 identified) compounds in leaves of 'Rugia' cv. and 58 (including 50 identified) compounds in leaves of 'Baron von Solemacher' cv. Essential oils from inflorescences of 'Rugia' cv. contained 52 (including 47 identified), while 'Baron von Solemacher' cv. contained 54 (including 46 identified) compounds. The chromatographic analyses by GC-MS revealed that myrthenol, nonal, linalool and phthalide dibuthyl dominated in essential oils obtained from leaves, while myrthenol, citronelol, linalool and geraniol - from those of inflorescences. There were qualitative differences between oil components at both studied materials and differentiation between both cultivars, as well.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Inflorescence: Fragaria vesca cv. Baron von Solemacher
 Inflorescence Poland
NP Content: 10.83 %
 
Inflorescence: Fragaria vesca cv. Rugia
 Inflorescence Poland
NP Content: 65.54 %
 
Leaf: Fragaria vesca cv. Baron von Solemacher
 Leaves Poland
NP Content: 14.06 %
 
Leaf: Fragaria vesca cv. Rugia
 Leaves Poland
NP Content: 14.23 %
      Species Name: Juniperus thurifera
  Factor Name: Altitude Variation; High Temperature Treatment [7]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
The plant materials were collected for P1: 2900 m, Ait Akak, Oukaimden, Atlas Mts, Morocco, N. Achak, A. Romane and M. Mahroug, 3 trees, ns, 12/12/2003; P2, 2200 m, Plateau of Matat, Atlas Mts, N. Achak, A. Romane and M. Mahroug, 3 trees, ns, 18/03/2003; P3: 2000 m, Foret Islane, Oukaimden, Atlas Mts, N. Achak, A. Romane and M. Mahroug, 3 trees, ns,12/12/2003. A portion of the leaves from each of the three trees (per population) were air dried for 16 days at room temperature (ca. 22 &#8451) to produce the dried leaf samples.
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               Factor Function
The oil yields from fresh leaves showed on differences among geographical sources. Air dried leaves appeared to yield more oil at the highest elevation (1.03%, Ait Lkak, 2900 m) than lower sites (0.67%, Plateau of Matat, 2200 m; 0.57%, Foret Islane, 2000 m). The essential oils from each geographic site had very similar composition in fresh versus air dried leaves. The essential oils from provenance Ait Lkak and Plateau of Matat were very similar and characterized by a high sabinene content (21.2, 35.9%), in contrast to 10.% sabinene from the provenance Foret Islane. The oil from Foret Islane had a high delta-cadinene content with 12.7%, whereas Aik Akak and Plateau of Matat contained only 0.6 and 0.8%.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Fresh leaf: (Locality: Plateau of Matat, Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech, Morocco; Altitude 2200 m)
 Fresh leaves Plateau of Matat, Tensift Al Haouz - Marrakech, Morocco
NP Content: <0.1 %
 
Dry leaf: (Locality: Plateau of Matat, Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech, Morocco; Altitude 2200 m)
 Dry leaves Plateau of Matat, Tensift Al Haouz - Marrakech, Morocco
NP Content: <0.1 %
      Species Name: Mentha longifolia
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [8]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plants were collected in the Inner plain, the Sharon plain and the kava valley.
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               Factor Function
The major constituent of all three oils was found to be 1,8-cineole (26.4-34.5%) followed by menthone (10.0-16.7%), pulegone (7.0-7.5%), and isomenthone (4.7-7.8%). Despite some differences in the component proportions, the plants of all three populations clearly belong to the same chemotype.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Sharon plain, Israel
 Aerial parts Israel
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Locality: Arava valley, Israel
 Aerial parts Israel
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Locality: Inner plain, Israel
 Aerial parts Israel
NP Content: 0.1 %
      Species Name: Myrtus communis var. italica
  Factor Name: Month Variation [9]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Myrtle (M. communis var. italica) aerial parts were collected monthly during 2006-2007 from Jbal Stara of Haouaria region in North Tunisia, belonging to a subhumid bioclimate.
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               Factor Function
In conclusion, high fluctuations were observed in the oil yields and composition of different parts of Myrtus communis var. italica during all the collecting periods. They could be explained by genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, significant differences were revealed in the main oil compounds. alpha-Pinene percentages showed the most remarkable changes among the different part oils. So, leaf oils contained more alpha-pinene than those of the fruits and stems during the myrtle vegetative cycle.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: January)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: February)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: March)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: April)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: May)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: June)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: July)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: August)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: September)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: October)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: November)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Leaf: (Harvesting time: December)
 Leaves Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: January)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: August)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.6 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: September)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: October)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.5 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: November)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Fruit: (Harvesting time: December)
 Fruits Tunisia
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: January)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.9 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: February)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 1 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: March)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.6 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: April)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 1.7 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: May)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.9 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: June)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 1.1 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: July)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.9 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: August)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: September)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: October)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 4.4 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: November)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 4.4 %
 
Stem: (Harvesting time: December)
 Stems Tunisia
NP Content: 4 %
      Species Name: Piper nigrum
  Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison; Harvest Time Variation [10]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
The cultivars selected for this study are Sreekara, Vellanamban and one Indonesian cultivar Kutching grown in Kerala. These cultivars are commonly cultivated in the northern parts of Kerala. The fresh berries of the authenticated cultivars were collected from Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut and were dried in a cross flow drier at 45 ℃ and taken for the analysis.
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               Factor Function
The main components of vellanamban oil were sabinene (3.9-18.8%), beta-pinene (3.9-10.9%), limonene (8.3-19.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (28.4- 32.9%). Sreekara oil contained as major compounds beta-pinene (0-11.2%), limonene (20.1-22.1%) and beta-caryophyllene (16.8-23.1 %). Kutching oil contained alpha-pinene(2.3-5.4%), sabinene (6.7-13.3%), limonene (14.5-17.5%) and beta-caryophyllene (20.8-39.1%).
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Piper nigrum cv. Kuching: (Harvesting time: 1991)
 Berries India
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Piper nigrum cv. Sreekara: (Harvesting time: 1991)
 Berries India
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Piper nigrum cv. Vellanamban: (Harvesting time: 1990)
 Berries India
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Piper nigrum cv. Vellanamban: (Harvesting time: 1991)
 Berries India
NP Content: 0.1 %
      Species Name: Rosmarinus eriocalyx
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [11]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
The leaves of R. eriocalyx were harvested at random from two localities of the forest in the North and South ranges of Boutaleb in Algeria at different altitudes during the full flowering stage. Sample N3(Locality: Northern slope; Altitude (m): 850; Collection date: Mar 20,1993); Sample S3(Locality: Southern slope; Altitude (m): 850; Collection date: Mar 20,1993).
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               Factor Function
Concerning the alcohols, the highest amount of 1,8-cineole (11.4%) coincided with a very low amount of terpinen-4-ol(1.0%) in sample N3 as well as with a generally low concentration of hydrocarbons (apart from camphene and pinene) in all samples of R. eriocalyx.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Northern slope, Boutaleb range, Algeria; Altitude 850 m + Harvesting time: 20-Mar-1993
 Leaves Algeria
NP Content: 0.1 %
      Species Name: Rosmarinus officinalis
  Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation [12]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Samples of R. officinalis were collected in April 1998 during the full flowering period (Ro-1a), between June and July 1998 during the fruiting period (Ro-1b) and in December 1998 during the hibernation period (Ro-1c) from Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (province of Jaen, Spain). The plant material consisted of ca. 10 twigs per plant (with blossoming tips or not, depending of the harvesting date) from 5-10 single plants. Ro-1a (Location: Las Chozuelas, Altitude (m): 1150, Harvesting date: April 21, 1998, Phenological stage: Flowering); Ro-1b (Location: Las Chozuelas, Altitude (m): 1150, Harvesting date: June 19, 1998, Phenological stage: Fruiting); Ro-1c (Location: Las Chozuelas, Altitude (m): 1150, Harvesting date: December 30, 1998, Phenological stage: Hibernation).
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               Factor Function
The highest oil yields (161.8%) were recorded during the fruiting period (summer). In general, minimum amounts of camphor and maximum amounts of alpha-pinene were observed in winter. The concentration of 1,8-cineole was almost constant throughout the year, though other oil constituent levels varied randomly with the plant life cycle
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Whole plant: Flowering stage
 Twigs Las Chozuelas, Southern Spain
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Whole plant: Fruiting stage
 Twigs Las Chozuelas, Southern Spain
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Hibernation stage
 Twigs Las Chozuelas, Southern Spain
NP Content: 0.2 %
      Species Name: Salvia aucheri
  Factor Name: Variety Comparison [13]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
S. aucheri var. aucheri was collected in Karaman: Ermenek to Mutt Road on July 19,1995; Salvia aucheri var. canescens was collected in Karaman: Ermenek, Tekecati Valley on July 19,1995.
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               Factor Function
Eighty components were characterized in the Salvia aucheri var. aucheri oil, with camphor (21.1%), 1, 8-cineole (20.3%), borneol (7.8%), spathulenol (6.3%) and camphene (5.3%) as major constituents. 1, 8-Cineole (25.2%), camphor (17.9%), borneol (10.6%), alpha-pinene (5.4%) and camphene (5.3%) were identified as major constituents among the 88 components characterized in the oil of Salvia aucheri var. canescens.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Salvia aucheri var. aucheri
 Aerial parts Karaman, Turkey
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Salvia aucheri var. canescens
 Aerial parts Karaman, Turkey
NP Content: 0.1 %
      Species Name: Salvia euphratica
  Factor Name: Variety Comparison [14]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Aerial parts of both varieties(Salvia euphratica Montbret et Aucher ex Benth. var. euphratica and Salvia euphratica Montbret et Aucher ex Benth. var. leiocalycina) were collected in Malatya, Turkey in June 1999.
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               Factor Function
Ninety-five compounds in var. euphratica and 94 compounds in var. leiocalycina were characterized representing 93% and 95% of the total components detected, respectively, with 1,8-cineole (13.8% and 15.2%) and myrtenyl acetate (15.9% and 13.9%) as main constituents.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Salvia euphratica var. euphratica
 Flowering aerial parts Turkey
NP Content: 1.8 %
 
Salvia euphratica var. leiocalycina
 Flowering aerial parts Turkey
NP Content: 1.6 %
      Species Name: Salvia limbata
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [15]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Aerial parts were collected in Van and Erzurum in eastern Turkey. A) Van: Van to Ercis road 35th km on June 8, 2001 at an altitude of 1850 m. B) Erzurum: Campus area of Ataturk University on July 30, 2001 at an altitude of 1850 m.
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               Factor Function
Dried aerial parts of S. limbata collected from two localities in Turkey. Oils yielded similar compositions: 70-80% of the oil consisted of monoterpenes and 15-20% of sesquiterpenes. The Erzurum sample contained 3.7% of a diterpene identifi ed as 8,13-epoxy-15,16-dinor-labd-12-ene. Alpha-Pinene or 1,8-cineolerich Salvia oils are used as herbal tea in Turkey.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Van, Turkey; Altitude 1850 m
 Flowering aerial parts Van, Turkey
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Locality: Erzurum, Turkey; Altitude 1850 m
 Flowering aerial parts Erzurum, Turkey
NP Content: 0.2 %
      Species Name: Salvia officinalis
  Factor Name: Altitude Variation; Month Variation [16]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Sage plant material was collected from two different localities (altitudes 110 and 400 m) in central Herzegovina near Mostar and at four different stages of development: vegetative period (leaves and stalks, January 2003), prior to flowering (leaves and stalks, April 2003), in the course of flowering (flowering tops, leaves and stalks, May 2003) and after flowering (leaves and stalks, August 2003).
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               Factor Function
The highest oil yield of the plant was after flowering (August). The oil samples obtained prior to flowering (April) and in the course of flowering (May) yielded remarkably less than those after flowering (August) and in the vegetative period (January). An unexpected high oil yield of the plant in the vegetative period (January) is probably due to lower moisture content in this stage of development. The oil yields ranged from 0.29% to 0.64% (altitude 110 m) and 0.45% to 1.07% (altitude 400 m), which reveals that altitude also has significant influence on oil yields. The oils from plant materials gathered prior to flowering (April) and in the course of flowering (May) were found to contain significantly higher percentages of alpha-humulene, manool, viridiflorol and caryophyllene, while the oils produced after flowering (August) and in vegetative period (January) have had higher percentages of alpha-thujone and camphor. Although the altitude has had an obvious influence on oil yields, it did not have significant influence on the qualitative and quantitative composition of their constituents.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Harvesting time: January + Locality: Altitude 110 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Harvesting time: April + Locality: Altitude 110 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Harvesting time: May + Locality: Altitude 110 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Harvesting time: August + Locality: Altitude 110 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 1 %
 
Harvesting time: January + Locality: Altitude 400 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Harvesting time: April + Locality: Altitude 400 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Harvesting time: May + Locality: Altitude 400 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Harvesting time: August + Locality: Altitude 400 m
 Whole plant Bosnia and Herzegovina
NP Content: 0.7 %
      Species Name: Sideritis congesta
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [17]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plant materials were collected from the following localities. A: Antalya: Alanya, Sapadere, Beldibi-Baskoy in July 1991 (ESSE 9562). B: Icel: Anamur, Kas yaylasi in July 1991 (ESSE 9192).
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               Factor Function
Thirty-nine components were characterized in each oil representing 85-90% of the total components detected with beta-pinene (34-35%) and alpha-pinene (24-25%) as major constituents.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Beldibi-Baskoy, Sapadere, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
 Inflorescence Turkey
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Locality: Kas yaylasi, Anamur, Icel, Turkey
 Inflorescence Turkey
NP Content: 0.2 %
      Species Name: Sphagneticola trilobata (L.)
  Factor Name: Seasonal Variation [18]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Fresh aerial parts of the S. trilobata were collected from CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) in summer (vegetative stage), rainy (vegetative stage), autumn (flowering stage) and winter (flowering stage) seasons. The experimental site is located between coordinates 29.02° N, 79.31° E and an altitude of 243 m in foothills of northern India.
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               Factor Function
Volatile oil yield varied from 0.18 to 0.25% in different seasons, with the maximum in winter season. Altogether, 43 constituents, representing 96.1-97.3% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the oils were alpha-pinene (78.6-83.3%), alpha-phellandrene (1.3-4.1%), sabinene (1.4-1.9%), limonene (1.2-1.9%), beta-pinene (1.0-1.6%), camphene (0.7-2.0%), 10-nor-calamenen-10-one (<0.05-1.5%), germacrene D (0.1-1.4%) and gamma-amorphene (<0.05-1.3%). The comparative results showed no big differences in the oil composition of this plant due to season of collection.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Harvesting time: Summer
 Aerial parts India
NP Content: 0.1 %
 
Harvesting time: Autumn
 Aerial parts India
NP Content: <0.05 %
 
Harvesting time: Rainy
 Aerial parts India
NP Content: <0.05 %
      Species Name: Stachys pilifera
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [19]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plant material and isolation procedure: Aerial parts of the plant were collected from two regions, from Kazeroon in southern Iran and Shahr-e-kord in western Iran at the time of flowering in June 2002.
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               Factor Function
The main components of the oil of S. pilifera collected from Kazeroon, in southern Iran, were spathulenol (15.8%), cis-chrysanthenol (15.3%), beta-caryophyllene (8.4%) and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (6.9%), while for the plant collected from Shahr-e-kord, in western Iran, they were cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (21.8%), linalool (18.9%), terpinen-4-ol (11.9%) and cis-chrysanthenol (9.2%).
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Shahr-e-kord, western Iran
 Aerial parts Iran
NP Content: 0.3 %
      Species Name: Tanacetum cadmeum ssp. orientale
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [20]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plant materials were collected during the flowering period in July 2002 from the Dumluca Mountain in the vicinity of Divrigi village of Sivas city at 1900 m altitude and Saksagan Gorge in Saimbeyli village of Adana city at 1900 m altitude.
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               Factor Function
The flower, stem and root oils of T. cadmeum ssp. orientale collected from the Adana location were characterized with alpha-thujone (25%, 5.2%), cis-linalool oxide (6.8%, 12.8%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (5.8%, 8.5%) for flower and stem oils, and beta-eudesmol (10.3%, 6.2%, 13.8%); in addition, stem oil contained 1,8-cineole (6.6%) and root oil contained hexadecanoic acid (6.0%), spathulenol (5.8%) and beta-muurolol (5.3%). The flower and stem oils of T. cadmeum ssp. orientale collected from the Sivas location were characterized with camphor (25.9%, 14.8%), borneol (15.4%, 25.8%) and alpha-thujone (7.8%, 5.5%); in addition, stem oil contained 1,8-cineole (7.4%) and root oil contained nonacosane (16.2%), spathulenol (6.8%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.8%).
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Flower: (Locality: Adana, Turkey)
 Flowers Adana, Turkey
NP Content: 0.3 %
 
Stem: (Locality: Adana, Turkey)
 Stems Adana, Turkey
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Root: (Locality: Adana, Turkey)
 Roots Adana, Turkey
NP Content: 0.2 %
 
Flower: (Locality: Sivas, Turkey)
 Flowers Sivas, Turkey
NP Content: 0.5 %
 
Stem: (Locality: Sivas, Turkey)
 Stems Sivas, Turkey
NP Content: 0.8 %
      Species Name: Tanacetum dolichophyllum
  Factor Name: Altitude Variation [21]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Wild growing Tanacetum dolichophyllum samples were collected during the period of full flowering, between September-October 2009 from high alpine meadows of Western Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India): Sample I (Dayara, altitude 3200 m) and Sample II (Tungnath, altitude 3800 m).
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               Factor Function
Plant collected from Dayara meadow (Sample I) afforded cis-lanceol (11.8%), beta-pinene (10.7%), (E)- beta-farnesene (7.4%), alpha-bisabolol (7.2%), beta-eudesmol (5.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.1%) as the major constituents, whereas in the sample collected from Tungnath (Sample II) beta-eudesmol (31.4%), alpha-bisabolol (10.7%) were the most abundant components followed by neryl acetate (5.8%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (5.7%). The composition was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (49.2-71.1%). The oils are clearly different from those of all other previously reported T. dolichophyllum oils.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Dayara; Altitude 3200m
 Aerial parts Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India
NP Content: 0.4 %
 
Locality: Tungnath; Altitude 3800m
 Aerial parts Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India
NP Content: 0.3 %
      Species Name: Tanacetum larvatum
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [22]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Aerial parts of T. larvatum were collected in July and August during a five-year period, starting in 2001, in Montenegro on several locations: Planinica (Sample a), Visitor (Sample b) and Sinjajevina (Sample c).
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               Factor Function
Sixty-four components were identified, representing 83.1%, 96.6% and 89.4% of the total oils content in the Planinica [Sample a], Visitor [Sample b] and Sinjajevina [Sample c], respectively. The major constituent in Samples a and b , was oxygenated monoterpene, trans-sabinyl acetate (38.1% and 55.8% respectively). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, beta-pinene (13.5%) and santolinatriene (30.6%), were found to be the dominant components in Sample c. The toxic trans-sabinyl acetate was present only in traces in this sample. trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate, as one of major components in feverfew essential oil, has not been previously identified in the investigated essential oils.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Planinica, Montenegro
 Aerial parts Montenegro
NP Content: 0.4 %
  Factor Name: Altitude Variation [23]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Aerial parts of T. larvatum were collected in July 2002, during the period of full flowering from two locations in Montenegro: Mt. Komovi (Sample I) and Mt. Prokletije (Sample II), altitude ca. 1900 m.
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               Factor Function
About 40 compounds were identified, representing ~89% and 96% of the total oil content in the Samples I and II, respectively. trans-Sabinyl acetate was found to be the dominant component (51.2% and 69.7%). Among the rest of compounds beta-pinene (7.7% and 4.3%) and camphor (6.3% and 4.3%) were the most abundant in both samples.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Mt. Komovi, Montenegro, Serbia; Altitude 1900 m
 Aerial parts Serbia
NP Content: 0.8 %
      Species Name: Teucrium chamaedrys
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [24]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
The aerial parts of T. chamaedrys were collected at the flowering stage in June 2004 near Corti, Corsica, France and near Oristano, Sardinia, Italy
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               Factor Function
The Corsican and Sardinian oils of T. chamaedrys investigated in this study were qualitatively similar but they differed by the amount of their major components. The major components were beta-caryophyllene (29.0% and 27.4%, respectively) and germacrene D (19.4% and 13.5%, respectively), followed by alpha-humulene (6.8%) and delta-cadinene (5.4%) in the Corsican oil and by caryophyllene oxide (12.3%) and alpha-humulene (6.5%) in the Sardinian oil. These quantitative differences are also noticeable on the amounts of the different class compounds. Especially, the monoterpene hydrocarbons amounted for 10.3% and 4.1% in Sardinian and Corsican oils respectively and the oxygenated sesquiterpenes amounted for 18.9% and only 7.4% in both oils, respectively. Both oils were qualitatively rather similar in comparison with those reported in the literature from various geographic regions. However, among the 87 components identified in this study, 47 minor components (< 0.6%) reported were identified for the first time in T. chamaedrys oil. This study confirms the quantitative variability of the major components according to the plant origin.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Corti, Corsica, France
 Aerial parts France
NP Content: 0.1 %
      Species Name: Thymus pseudopulegioides
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [25]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Plant materials were collected from the following localities in north western Turkey. A = Trabzon: Caykara, Soganli dag on July 28, 1994; B = Bayburt: Caykara, Mohakambo yaylasi on July 25, 1994; C = Trabzon: Koprubasi, Vizara yaylasi on July 20, 1994.
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               Factor Function
One hundred and four compounds were identified representing 97.5-99.5% of the total components detected in thymol/carvacrol (50.14/10.67%), thymol/linalool (23.14/20.24%) and linalool/alpha-terpinyl acetate/geraniol (21.55/16.70/11.17%) rich oils.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Soganli dag, Caykara, Trabzon, Eskisehir, Turkey
 Aerial parts Eskisehir, Turkey
NP Content: <0.1 %
      Species Name: Thymus striatus
  Factor Name: Locality Variation [26]
              Species Info Factor Info
               Experiment Detail
Aerial parts of the plant were collected from four localities: A = Kirklareli: Karadere in May 1991; B = Kirklareli: Karahamza Village in May 1990; C = Kirklareli: Evciler Village on 13 June 1993; D = Kirklareli: Korukoy on 25 May 1994
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               Factor Function
The four oils obtained from plants collected in different localities of the same region gave quite different compositions as follows: A: thymol (10.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.96%), p-cymene (9.48%), carvacrol (5.28%); B: beta-caryophyllene (29.50%), carvacrol(20.59%); C: thymol (34.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.74%), carvacrol (5.24%); D: beta-caryophyllene (56.48%), germacrene D (11.12%), carvacrol (4.85%). Since the identities of the plant materials were checked repeatedly, any misidentification is ruled out. Except for A and C, all the other materials showed beta-caryophyllene as the major constituent. Carvacrol (20.59%) was present in good amount in the oil of B. In A, however, high percentages of 1,8-cineole (10%) and p-cymene (9.5%) were significant. This oil contained only a trace amount of beta-caryophyllene. Four isomeric caryophyllene alcohols were detected in the oil B. The results clearly indicate that the oil of T. striatus var. interruptus has no consistency and we can safely suggest that there are at least three chemotypes, namely thymol/1,8-cineole/p-cymene-type; thymol/beta-caryophyllene-type; and beta-caryophyllene-type, of this species.
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               Factor Part Location NP Content
 
Locality: Karadere, Kirklareli, Turkey
 Aerial parts Kirklareli, Turkey
NP Content: 0.2 %
References
1 Volatile Metabolite Compositions of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Ornamental and Artemisinin Rich Cultivars of Artemisia annua
2 Variability of Artemisia campestris L. essential oils from Lithuania
3 Oil Constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis Growing at Different Altitudes
4 Chemical Variation in the Oil of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte of French Origin Harvested at a Vegetative Stage and During Flowering
5 Characterization of the Portuguese-Grown Cistus ladanifer Essential Oil
6 Contents and chemical composition of essential oils from wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.)
7 Effect of the Leaf Drying and Geographic Sources on the Essential Oil Composition of Juniperus thurifera L. var. Africana Maire from the Tensift-Al Haouz, Marrakech Region
8 Volatile Extract of Mentha longifolia Growing in Israel. Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part XIII
9 Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Tunisian Myrtus communis var. italica L. During Its Vegetative Cycle
10 Studies on Essential Oil Composition of Cultivars of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)-V
11 Comparative Study of the Essential Oils from Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jordan & Fourr. from Algeria and R. officinalis L. from Other Countries
12 Chemical Composition and Seasonal Variations of Rosemary Oil from Southern Spain
13 Composition of Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Salvia aucheri Benth. Growing in Turkey
14 The Essential Oils of Two Varieties of Salvia euphratica Montbret et Aucher ex Benth. var. euphratica and var. leiocalycina (Rech. fil.) Hedge from Turkey
15 The Essential Oil of Salvia limbata C.A. Meyer Growing in Turkey
16 The Impact of the Locality Altitudes and Stages of Development on the Volatile Constituents of Salvia officinalis L. from Bosnia and Herzegovina
17 Composition of the Essential Oil of Sideritis congesta P.H.Davis et Hub.-Mor.
18 Essential oil composition of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski from India
19 Constituents of the Essential Oil of Stachys pilifera Benth. from Iran
20 The Variation in the Essential Oil Composition of Tanacetum cadmeum (Boiss.) Heywood ssp. orientale Grierson from Turkey
21 Variation in the Constituents of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam. from Different Locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)
22 Intraspecific Variation of Tanacetum larvatum Essential Oil
23 Chemical Composition of Tanacetum larvatum Essential Oil
24 Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia
25 Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov et Des.-Shost from Turkey
26 Essential Oils of Thymus striatus Vahl var. interruptus Jalas from Turkey