| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Species Name: Fortunella japonica Lour. Swingle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Heat Stress Treatment | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
The investigation was carried out on kumquat [Fortunella japonica Lour. Swingle] cv. Ovale, grown in an experimental orchard located in central western Sardinia (Italy), receiving standard horticultural practices. Fruits were randomly harvested in March, when commercially mature (total soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio = 5.24) and delivered to the laboratory immediately after harvest. Medium-size fruits free from defects were selected, placed into boxes (100 fruits per box), and grouped into two treatment groups of three boxes each (replications). The fruits of the first group were untreated (control fruit), whereas fruits of the second group were subjected to a standard treatment, water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min, for extending the postharvest life of kumquat fruit. Dip treatment was performed as described previously. After treatments, fruits were allowed to dry at room temperature and stored for 21 days at 17 ℃ and ca. 80% relative humidity (simulated shelf-life conditions). All analyses were performed following treatments and at the end of storage.
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| Factor Function |
The concentration of the essential oil and the relative percentage of the individual components of the essential oil were not affected by HWD except for the minor compound p-menta-1,5-dien-1-ol, which increased after HWD.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Control: stored for 0 days
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fruit | Sardinia, Italy |
NP Content: 0.09 %
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HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days
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fruit | Sardinia, Italy |
NP Content: 0.11 %
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Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃
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fruit | Sardinia, Italy |
NP Content: 0.1 %
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HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃
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fruit | Sardinia, Italy |
NP Content: 0.14 %
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| Species Name: Maclura pomifera | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
Unripe fruits of M. pomifera were collected on the tree from a hedge in August 1999 located on state-owned land in Boone County, IA. Ripe fruits were collected from the ground at the same hedge in October 1999.
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| Factor Function |
The most notable difference between the unripe and ripe fruits was the increase in hexyl hexanoate in the ripe fruit. Gamma-Cadinene and alpha-cubebene were the most abundant sesquiterpenoids.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Fruit: ripe
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Fruits | Boone county, USA |
NP Content: 0.3 %
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| Species Name: Teucrium flavum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Factor Name: Month Variation; Developmental Stage Variation | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experiment Detail |
The aerial parts of T. flavum were collected in different periods from December to July 2006, from plants growing along the Ionic coast of Sicily (Italy). LF 1-LF 2-LF 3: represent the composition of leaf oils of plant samples collected in December (vegetative stage), February (pre-flowering stage) and April (budding stage) respectively; FL: flower oil; FR: fruit oil.
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| Factor Function |
Some components, in all investigated plant parts, remained more or less constant during all the different phases of the plant cycle life. Worthy of note, considering the leaf oils, was that beta-pinene, limonene and germacrene D increased in the pre-flowering stage, while a series of esters and alpha-copaene, beta-caryophyllene, viridiflorol, Tmuurolol and phytol increased in the budding stage (LF3); the vegetative stage oil is generally characterized by a rich chemical composition and some constituents such as isoamyl hexanoate, alpha-humulene, bicyclogermacrene, beta-bisabolene and alpha-bisabolol reached their highest levels in this oil. In the flower oil, linalool and 1-octen-3-yl acetate were the main components compared to the amounts found in the other oils. Fruit oil composition was relatively oil poor, with beta-bisabolene, caryophyllene oxide, cadin-4-en-1-ol and phytone as the major constituents.
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| Factor | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Fruit oil
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Fruits | Italy |
NP Content: <0.01 %
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