Details of Factor

General Information of Factor (ID: FP123)
Factor Name		Heat Stress Treatment
Factor Type		Environmental Conditions
Factor Description
Factor Description		Plants are often subjected to extreme temperatures, including cold stress and heat stress. Cold and heat stress significantly restrains plants' geographical distribution, growth habits, and productivity. High-temperature-induced shortening of developmental phases reduced light perception over the shortened life cycle and perturbated the processes associated with carbon assimilation and oxidative damage caused by the heat-induced imbalance of photosynthesis and respiration. Under cold stress conditions, plants exhibit various cold-induced physiological and biochemical responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in membrane lipid composition, and alterations in osmolytes. Both cold and heat alter the fluidity of cellular membranes, which can affect the structure and activity of membrane-localized proteins such as Ca²⁺ channels, thereby triggering Ca²⁺ influx, a crucial process for inducing temperature-responsive gene expression. Click to Show/Hide

The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by This Factor
*Species Name: Fortunella japonica* Lour. Swingle**
Species Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
Experiment Detail	The investigation was carried out on kumquat [Fortunella japonica Lour. Swingle] cv. Ovale, grown in an experimental orchard located in central western Sardinia (Italy), receiving standard horticultural practices. Fruits were randomly harvested in March, when commercially mature (total soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio = 5.24) and delivered to the laboratory immediately after harvest. Medium-size fruits free from defects were selected, placed into boxes (100 fruits per box), and grouped into two treatment groups of three boxes each (replications). The fruits of the first group were untreated (control fruit), whereas fruits of the second group were subjected to a standard treatment, water dipping at 50 &#8451 for 2 min, for extending the postharvest life of kumquat fruit. Dip treatment was performed as described previously. After treatments, fruits were allowed to dry at room temperature and stored for 21 days at 17 &#8451 and ca. 80% relative humidity (simulated shelf-life conditions). All analyses were performed following treatments and at the end of storage. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function	The concentration of the essential oil and the relative percentage of the individual components of the essential oil were not affected by HWD except for the minor compound p-menta-1,5-dien-1-ol, which increased after HWD. Click to Show/Hide
(-)-7-Epi-Alpha-Selinene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.08 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.12 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.11 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.07 %
(-)-Cis-Carveol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.06 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.07 %
(-)-Trans-Carveol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.1 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.13 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.33 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.48 %
(1R,4R,6S)-1-Methyl-4-(Prop-1-En-2-Yl)-7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]Heptane						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.05 %
(E)-Beta-Ocimene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.05 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.04 %
(E)-Muurola-4-(14),5-diene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 1.55 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 1.35 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 1.01 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.99 %
1-Methyl-4-(Prop-1-En-2-Yl)Benzene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.18 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.27 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.36 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.31 %
2-(4-Methylphenyl)Propan-2-Ol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.04 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.06 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.09 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.09 %
4-Carvomenthenol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.07 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.11 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.1 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.14 %
Alpha-Phellandrene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.05 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.07 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.81 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.67 %
Alpha-Terpinene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.04 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.13 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.13 %
Alpha-Terpineol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.38 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.7 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.38 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.46 %
Alpha-Thujene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.82 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 1 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.97 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.86 %
Beta-Caryophyllene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
Beta-Pinene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
Bicyclogermacrene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.05 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.06 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.07 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.04 %
Carvone						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.23 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.24 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.15 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.21 %
Cis-P-Menth-2,8-Dien-1-Ol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
Copaene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
Gamma-Gujunene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.17 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.01 %
Gamma-Terpinene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.68 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.45 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.12 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.14 %
Germacrene B						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.02 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.03 %
Limonene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 91.51 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 89.28 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 89.3 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 88.79 %
Linalool						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.57 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.49 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.45 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.6 %
Myrcene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 2.86 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 3.99 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 3.79 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 3.8 %
Octyl Acetate						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.09 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.11 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.1 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.14 %
P-Cymene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.41 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.68 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.7 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.51 %
P-Mentha-1,5-Dien-1-Ol						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.06 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.18 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.1 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.12 %
Sabinene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.12 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.12 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.13 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.11 %
Terpinolene						[1]
Factor		Link	Part	Location	NP Content
Control: stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.08 %
HWD (Hot Water Dipping treatment: water dipping at 50 ℃ for 2 min) : stored for 0 days		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.06 %
Control: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.31 %
HWD: stored for 21 days at 17 ℃		NP Info	fruit	Sardinia, Italy	NP Content: 0.31 %

References
1	Influence of postharvest hot water treatment on nutritional and functional properties of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Lour. Swingle Cv. Ovale) fruit

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