Details of Species

General Information of Species (ID: SP0091)
Species Name	Brassica juncea
Species Genus	Brassica
Species Family	Brassicaceae
Studied Organism	Brassica juncea L.
External Links
	Taxonomy ID	3707
	CMAUP ID	NPO29007
	NPASS ID	NPO29007
	HIT ID	H0043

The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s)
CdCl2 Treatment; Citric Acid Treatment; Castasterone Treatment					[1]
Factor Info Click to show the detail information of this Factor
Experiment Detail		Earthen pots (12 in. diameter) were filled with five kg of soil per pot and arranged in a randomized block design (Kothari, 2004) with 5 pots for each treatment. 0 mM Cd(II) was added to the soil in form of anhydrous CdCl₂. The seeds of B. juncea var. RLC-1 (procured from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India) were surface sterilized with 0.5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite. These were then soaked in different concentration of castasterone (CS) (0 nM) for 8 h before sowing. After seven days of germination, 0 mM citric acid (CA) was supplemented to the soil. The plants were harvested after 30 days of sowing, and fresh mature top leaves were analysed for biochemical, physiological and molecular studies. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Castasterone (CS) and Citric Acid (CA) treatments also improved the osmolyte contents of the leaves which enabled the plants to tide over Cd (II) stress. Beta regression and multiple linear regression analysis showed that CS treatment has more positive effect on shoot height, fresh weight and photosynthetic pigments and efficiency than the CA treatment. The most effective concentration enhancing Cd(II) stress tolerance in B. juncea plants was seed soaking treatment with 100 nM CS and soil application of 0.6 mM/kg CA soil. Click to Show/Hide
Mechanism		The present study found that relative expression of CHLASE gene was significantly increased by 3.57 folds under Cd(II) toxicity. Seed pre-sowing treatment of 100 nM CS and soil citric acid application significantly lowered expression of CHLASE in 30 day old B. juncea leaves. MLR analysis also revealed positive effect of Cd(II) and negative effects of CA and CS treatments on fold change of CHLASE expression. Maximum reduction in CHLASE expression of 1.19 fold was observed with binary combination of CS (100 nM) and CA (0.6 mM/kg) in the leaves of Cd(II) stressed B. juncea.Expression of PSY and CHS genes was significantly enhanced by binary combination of CS and CA treatment by 2.85 fold and 5.15 fold, respectively. MLR analysis also revealed that CS, CA and Cd(II) treatments positively regressed on fold change of PSY and CHS expressions. Click to Show/Hide
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0 nM Castasterone (Control) ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.59 ± 0.16 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.09 ± 0.004 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.8 ± 0.19 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.76 ± 0.10 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.68 ± 0.27 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 12 ± 0.2 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0.01 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.69 ± 0.21 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.101 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.8 ± 0.16 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.25 ± 0.17 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.76 ± 0.23 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 12.4 ± 0.3 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 1 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.8 ± 0.08 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.104 ± 0.006 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.9 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.90 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.81 ± 0.32 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 13.8 ± 0.4 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 100 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 3.11 ± 0.12 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.109 ± 0.013 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.2 ± 0.25 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.19 ± 0.16 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.22 ± 0.11 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 15.1 ± 0.2 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.68 ± 0.08 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.094 ± 0.007 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.05 ± 0.19 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.93 ± 0.40 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 12.2 ± 0.4 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0.01 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.86 ± 0.23 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.099 ± 0.002 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4 ± 0.24 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.06 ± 0.18 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.52 ± 0.38 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 13.6 ± 0.9 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 1 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 2.88 ± 0.17 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.099 ± 0.007 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.9 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.31 ± 0.16 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.72 ± 0.33 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 13 ± 0.4 mg/g dry weight
	0 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 100 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 3.13 ± 0.25 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.1 ± 0.006 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.4 ± 0.26 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.37 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.97 ± 0.35 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 14.4 ± 0.4 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 3.29 ± 0.36 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.106 ± 0.011 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 2.6 ± 0.18 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.43 ± 0.27 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.77 ± 0.19 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 7.8 ± 0.7 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0.01 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.08 ± 0.28 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.115 ± 0.007 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.1 ± 0.11 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.46 ± 0.27 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.34 ± 0.42 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 9.3 ± 0.6 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 1 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.45 ± 0.25 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.124 ± 0.003 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.3 ± 0.26 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.60 ± 0.30 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.51 ± 0.28 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 10.9 ± 0.5 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 100 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.41 ± 0.22 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.127 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.4 ± 0.11 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.93 ± 0.27 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.77 ± 0.28 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 10.6 ± 0.5 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.55 ± 0.48 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.124 ± 0.007 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.5 ± 0.29 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.74 ± 0.30 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.63 ± 0.41 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 11.3 ± 0.5 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 0.01 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.73 ± 0.37 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.13 ± 0.011 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.9 ± 0.29 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.65 ± 0.28 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.84 ± 0.20 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 11.7 ± 0.4 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 1 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 4.92 ± 0.3 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.14 ± 0.006 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 3.8 ± 0.33 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4.96 ± 0.29 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.87 ± 0.32 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 12 ± 0.5 mg/g dry weight
	0.6 mM/kg CdCl₂ + 0.6 mM/kg Citric Acid+ 100 nM Castasterone ( Part: Fresh leaves; Location: NA )
NP Name		Link	Formula	PubChem ID		NP Content
Proline		NP Info	C₅H₉NO₂	145742		NP Content: 5.3 ± 0.24 mg/g dry weight
Flavylium		NP Info	C₁₅H₁₁O+	145858		NP Content: 0.145 ± 0.013 mg/g dry weight
Carotenoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 4 ± 0.09 mg/g dry weight
Flavonoids		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 5.38 ± 0.27 mg/g dry weight
Total Carbohydrates		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 6.09 ± 0.26 mg/g dry weight
Total Chlorophylls		NP Info	NA	NA		NP Content: 12.5 ± 0.5 mg/g dry weight

References
1	Castasterone and citric acid treatment restores photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea L. under Cd(II) toxicity

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