| General Information of Factor (ID: FP118) | ||||||||
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| Factor Name | Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Treatment | |||||||
| Factor Type | Molecular Regulation | |||||||
| Factor Description | ||||||||
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Nanoparticles are being broadly used as a new generation of effective elicitors in biotechnology in order to stimulate the production of valuable secondary metabolites via inducing defense mechanisms. Titanium (Ti) is an advantageous element for plants and can stimulate the absorbance of certain elements such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc. TiO2 NPs are important nanoparticles that stimulate cell division, cell size increase, and callus induction in the darkness. Also, it can have effects similar to the plant hormones (cytokinin and gibberellin), increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities like superoxide dismutase and catalase.
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| The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by This Factor | ||||||||
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| Species Name: Saponaria officinalis | ||||||||
Species Info
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| Experiment Detail |
Different concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0, 10, 20, 30, and 50) were prepared for hairy root treatments. 0.5 g of .S. officinalis hairy roots were transferred to 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 15 mL of liquid MS culture medium with three replicates. Then, they were placed in an incubator shaker at 110 rpm and 25 ℃ in dark conditions. On the 22nd day, the liquid MS culture media containing different concentrations of nano titanium dioxide was added to Erlenmeyer flasks. 24 and 48 h after treatment, the hairy roots were taken out and transferred to the MS culture medium lacking elicitor.
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| Factor Function |
The highest rate of total phenol (9.79 mg GLA/g FW) and total flavonoid contents (1.06 mg QE/g FW) were obtained in the treated hairy roots with 50 and 30 mg/L of nano elicitor in 24 and 48 h of treatments, respectively. The maximum level of most polyphenols, such as rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid, and rutin, was produced in 24 h of treatment. The use of TiO2 NP for 48 h with 50 mg/L concentration showed the highest production level of SO6 protein.
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| 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 35.89 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 32.65 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 34.22 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 40.77 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 44.4 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 35.89 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 32.65 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 40.09 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 53.34 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 53.68 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Apigenin | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.97 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 8.59 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.9 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.35 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.48 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.97 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 8.59 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.95 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 12.96 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.72 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Caffeic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.47 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 6.01 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.82 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.96 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.75 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.47 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.75 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.26 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.65 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.5 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Chlorogenic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.27 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 16.3 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 6.83 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.97 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 12.73 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.27 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 10.81 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 8.76 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 6.05 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 21.83 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Cinnamic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.58 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.18 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.11 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 2.07 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.3 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.58 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.18 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.45 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.52 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.3 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Gallic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 2.63 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.47 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 8.11 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.1 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.94 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 2.63 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 0.99 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 12.73 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 1.1 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 6.2 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Quercetin | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 16.96 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.39 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 17.25 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 14.66 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 12.17 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 16.96 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 11.39 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 19.13 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 17.03 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 13.87 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Rosmarinic Acid | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 47.37 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 57.78 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 58.88 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 58.41 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 64.59 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 47.37 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 57.78 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 44.87 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 62.09 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 30.59 mg/kg fresh weight
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| Rutin | [1] | |||||||
| Factor | Link | Part | Location | NP Content | ||||
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.06 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.04 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.43 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.97 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 24h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.84 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 0 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.06 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 25 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 5.04 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 50 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.9 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 100 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 4.34 mg/kg fresh weight
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Nano-TiO2 concentration (mg/L): 200 + Exposure time: 48h
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NP Info | hairy roots | NA |
NP Content: 3.98 mg/kg fresh weight
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| References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1 | Response of Saponaria officinalis L. hairy roots to the application of TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of production of valuable polyphenolic compounds and SO6 protein | |||||||||||||||||||||||