The fungal endophyte B. sorokiniana LK12, isolated from the leaf parts of Rhazya stricta. Briefly, the isolated fungus (RS/L.2) was grown in seven liters of Czapek broth comprising peptone (1 %), glucose (1 %), KCl (0.05 %), FeSO₄.7H₂O (0.001 %), MgSO₄.7H₂O (0.05 %), streptomycin (80 ppm) and pH 7.5. The cultured fungus inoculated in liquid broth was grown on shaking incubator for twenty one days at 28 ℃.

Fungal material and fermentation: The fungus Bulgaria inquinans (isolate MSp3-1) was isolated from a healthy sprout of mistletoe (Viscum album), collected in January 2017 at Julich, Germany. The fungus was cultivated on solid Czapek medium, which was prepared by autoclaving 200 mL of liquid Czapek medium with the addition of 5.0 g of bacto agar in a 1 L Erlenmeyer flask. The composition of liquid Czapek medium was 10.0 g dextrose, 20.0 g mannitol, 20.0 g maltose, 3.0 g yeast extract, 1.0 g corn steep liquor, 0.5 g tryptophan, 0.5 g K₂HPO₄.3H₂O, 0.3 g MgSO₄.7H₂O and 1 L of distilled water (pH value of the medium adjusted between 7.2-7.8). The fermentation was performed in 15 flasks at room temperature, under static conditions for 27 days. OSMAC experiments were carried out by growing the fungus on solid Czapek medium containing either 3.5 g NaCl, 3.5 g NaBr, 3.5 g NaI, 3.5 g NaNO₃, 3.5 g (NH₄)2SO₄ or mixtures of (a) MgSO₄.7H₂O, NaNO₃ and NaCl (2.5 g of each), (b) FeSO₄.7H₂O, NaNO₃ and NaCl (2.5 g of each), or (c) ZnSO₄.7H₂O, NaNO₃ and NaCl (2.5 g of each), added to each 1 L flask followed by extraction when the flasks were completely overgrown by the fungus. Based on the chromatographic profiles obtained from these experiments, a large-scale fermentation of B. inquinans was carried out by adding a mixture of MgSO₄.7H₂O, NaNO₃ and NaCl (2.5 g of each) to solid Czapek medium. The fungus was grown under static conditions for 33 days followed by extraction.

A two-step culture was used for each fungus. Initially, the fungi were inoculated into 20 mL of Czapek medium, supplemented with 3% of sucrose and the cultures were incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 days, with shaking at 120 ℃ rpm. After cultivation the resulting mycelia were harvested by filtration and transferred to 20 mL of Czapek medium, containing 1% of sucrose and supplemented with a solution of grandisin in DMSO, resulting 0.4 mg/mL as final concentration in the media. The cultures were reincubated at the same conditions for 8 days.

Mucor irregularis QEN-189 was isolated from the inner tissue of the stems of the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa collected in Hainan Island, China. The fungus was grown in a modified Czapek medium (dextrose 10 g, mannitol 20 g, maltose 20 g, yeast extract 3 g, corn syrup 1 g, monosodium glutamate 10 g, tryptophan 0.5 g, K₂HPO₄ 0.5 g, MgSO₄.7H₂O 0.3 g, and 1000 mL of natural seawater that was obtained from Huiquan Bay near the campus of IOCAS, pH 7.2-7.8, adjusted with 10% NaOH or 36.5% HCl, 300 mL/flask, 100 flasks, 30 L total) at room temperature under static conditions for 30 days.