Details of Natural Product (NP)

General Information of Natural Product (ID: NP0031)
Natural Product Name	Geraniol
Synonyms	GERANIOL; 106-24-1; Lemonol; Geranyl alcohol; trans-Geraniol; (E)-Geraniol; (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; (E)-Nerol; (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; Geraniol Extra; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (2E)-; Geraniol alcohol; beta-Geraniol; t-geraniol; 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-1-ol; Guaniol; 2E-geraniol; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; 2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; Meranol; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-; CHEBI:17447; (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; NSC 9279; 624-15-7; 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, trans-; UNII-L837108USY; 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; NSC9279; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, (E)-; Geraniol (natural); NSC-9279; 2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol; MFCD00002917; L837108USY; 2,6-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-8-ol; trans-2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol; 2-trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-ol; DSSTox_CID_6727; DSSTox_RID_78202; DSSTox_GSID_26727; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienol; racemic Geraniol; NSC-46105; CAS-106-24-1; FEMA No. 2507; CCRIS 7243; HSDB 484; 1-Octanol, 3,7-dimethyl-, tetradehydro deriv.; EINECS 203-377-1; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 597501; BRN 1722456; AI3-00206; b-Geraniol; .beta.-Geraniol; Geraniol 98; Geraniol (E); (2E)-geraniol; EINECS 210-831-2; EINECS 269-750-6; Geraniol, 98%; 2,6-octadien-8-ol; trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol; Spectrum5_001513; cis-3,6-octadien-1-ol; Epitope ID:181525; EC 203-377-1; trans-3,6-octadien-1-ol; 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol, tetradehydro derivative; SCHEMBL19824; SCHEMBL19826; BSPBio_002919; Geraniol, analytical standard; 4-01-00-02277 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); CHEMBL25719; SPECTRUM1501132; 2, 3,7-dimethyl-, trans-; GTPL2467; 2, 3,7-dimethyl-,(Z)-; DTXSID8026727; CHEBI:24221; FEMA 2507; HMS500J15; NCI9279; 2, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-; 2, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-; Geraniol, >=97%, FCC, FG; Geraniol, natural, >=97%, FG; HMS1921H17; HY-N6952; NSC46105; ZINC1529210; Tox21_110010; Tox21_202386; Tox21_300136; (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienol; BDBM50037023; CCG-37618; NCGC00013095; s5530; WLN: Q2UY1&3UY1&1 -T; AKOS009031393; Tox21_110010_1; ACN-052273; DB14183; LMPR0102010016; (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6octadien-1-ol; IDI1_000193; 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2trans,6-dien-1-ol; Geraniol 1000 microg/mL in Isopropanol; NCGC00013095-01; NCGC00013095-02; NCGC00013095-03; NCGC00013095-04; NCGC00013095-05; NCGC00013095-06; NCGC00013095-07; NCGC00013095-08; NCGC00013095-10; NCGC00094905-01; NCGC00094905-02; NCGC00094905-03; NCGC00094905-04; NCGC00094905-05; NCGC00253926-01; NCGC00259935-01; 3,7-Dimethyl-(E)-2,6-Octadien-1-ol; 3,7-dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadiene-1-ol; AS-12880; Geraniol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%; LS-13866; Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-; (E)-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dien-1-ol; trans-3,7-Dimethy- octa-2,6-dien-1-ol; trans-3,7-Dimethyl octa-2,6-dien-1-ol; WLN: Q2UY1 & 3UY1 & 1-C; WLN: Q2UY1 & 3YU1 & 1-Z; 3,7-Dimethyl-(2E)-2,6-Octadien-1-ol; CS-0003478; G0027; (2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol #; C01500; 3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIEN-1-OL(TRANS); Q410836; SR-05000002389; Q-201154; SR-05000002389-1; BRD-K03568070-001-01-1; Q27109834; A884F9B1-42B7-4350-ACC7-8E71E86A9943 Click to Show/Hide
Formula	C₁₀H₁₈O
Weight	154.25
Structure
Structure	3D Structure Download		2D Structure Download
InChI	InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7+
InChI Key	GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N
Isomeric SMILES	CC(=CCC/C(=C/CO)/C)C
Canonical SMILES	CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C
External Links	PubChem ID	637566
	CAS ID	106-24-1
	NPASS ID	NPC255042
	HIT ID	C0102
	CHEMBL ID	CHEMBL25719
NP Activity Charts	Click to show/hide
Activity Info

The Content Variation of Natural Product Induced by Different Factor(s)
Species Name: Artemisia absinthium
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[1]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Ten different plants of wormwood were collected in March 1997 from each one of the following four wild populations in the Spanish Pyrenees: Tallo de Aulet (prov. Huesca) and Pont de Suert, Sort and Farga de Moles (prov. Lleida). In three of the four populations studied, there was another chemotype, with 25-65% of cis-epoxyocimene and 15-50% of chrysanthenyl acetate. This chemotype, called chemotype B, was less frequent in the Pyrenees than the chemotype A, appearing only in 17% of the samples (two samples in TallO de Aulet and in Pont de Suert and three samples in Farga de Moles). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Two chemotypes were detected; a cis-epoxyocimene type (with more than 50% of this compound) which was predominant in all the populations, and a cis-epoxyocimene + chrysanthenyl acetate type (with 25-65% of cis-epoxyocimene and 15-50% of chrysanthenyl acetate). The distribution of these chemotypes had no relation with the altitude of the samples. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (cis-epoxyocimene type)			Leaves	Spain		NP Content: <0.03 %
Chemotype (cis-epoxyocimene + chrysanthenyl acetate type)			Leaves	Spain		NP Content: <0.03 %
Species Name: Callistemon salignus
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[2]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh leaf samples of C. salignus were collected on the campus of University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa and Empangeni (Both in KwaZulu-Natal Province) , South Africa. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		1,8-Cineole (63.4%), alpha-pinene (17.8%) and E-(beta)-ocimene (6.7%) were the major constituents identified in the KwaDlangezwa sample (Sample A). The Empangeni sample (Sample B) contained only 1,8-cineole (85.4%) and alpha-pinene (6.2%) as the main compounds present in the oil. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: KwaDlangezwa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa			Leaves	South Africa		NP Content: <0.05 %
Species Name: Citrus aurantifolia
	Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation				[3]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh mature lime fruits were harvested from experimental orchards of I.I.H.R., Bangalore at six ripening stages: Peel color; Dark Green, Light Green, Color Turning, 1/2 Yellow, 3/4th Yellow and Full Yellow. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The constituents of lime oil mainly belong to two categories: hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The hydrocarbons were 85.4% of the peel oil isolated from full yellow fruits compared to 57.5% in green fruits. The most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbons, limonene and beta-pinene, showed gradual increase during ripening of lime fruit and they together accounted for 70.7% in full yellow fruits. Organoleptically important oxygenated compounds (neral, geranial, linalool and geraniol) were found to be rich in oil isolated from the peel of green fruits (29.7%); however, it decreased to 8.4% when color of the fruit turned to full yellow. Neral and geranial were found to be high in the peel oil of green fruits (7.8%) compared to full yellow fruits (2.5%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Fruit: Dark green stage			Fruits (dark green)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 7.3 %
Fruit: Light green stage			Fruits (light green)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 4.5 %
Fruit: Color turning stage			Fruits (color turn)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 2.4 %
Fruit: Half yellow stage			Fruits (half yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1 %
Fruit: 3/4th yellow stage			Fruits (3/4th yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 1.4 %
Fruit: Full yellow stage			Fruits (full yellow)	Bangalore, India		NP Content: 0.9 %
*Species Name: Citrus sinensis* (Hongjiang)**
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[4]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Four kinds of fresh sweet oranges were obtained in the same season, November 2000, in Guangzhou. Citrus sinensis var. Hongjiang (called 'hong jiang chen' in Chinese) and C. sinensis Osbeck var. Anliu (called 'luo gang chen') were obtained at an orchard in Luo gang in Guangzhou (25 km from the center of Guangzhou). Citrus sinensis var. Sihui (called 'sihui ju') was harvested at the Shigou Experimental Farm in Sihui City in Guangdong Province (75 km far away from Guangzhou). Citrus sinensis var. Washington navel (called 'qi chen') which was produced in Jiangxi Province (200 km from Guangzhou; bordering Guangdong Province), was purchased at the wholesale market in Guangzhou. All oranges were kept in a cold room until prepared a few days later. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The peel oil compositions of four kinds of sweet oranges in China, Citrus sinensis Osbeck var. Hongjian, C. sinensis Osbeck var. Anliu, C. sinensis Osbeck var. Sihui and C. sinensis Osbeck var. Washington navel, were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils were extracted by cold-pressing method. Forty-two to 53 compounds were quantitatively determined for each variety. Their percentages, respectively, were: > 97.3%, > 98.4%, > 97.5% and > 98.0% in hydrocarbons; > 1.5%, > 0.7%, > 0.8% and > 0.9% in total aldehydes; 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.5% in alcohols. Either cis-or trans-limonene oxide was detected in small amounts in each of the four samples, with Hongjiang containing both limonene oxides. delta-3-Carene was commonly quantified at a level of 0.1% in all the samples. The content of aliphatic aldehydes, including octanal, nonanal, decanal and dodecanal, exceeded that of terpene aldehydes, such as neral and geranial in Hongjiang (0.9%) and Washington navel (0.6%), whereas the aliphatic aldehydes in Anliu and Sihui were present to a lesser degree than the terpene aldehydes. Either alpha- or beta-sinensal was detected in trace amounts in each of the four samples. Linalool was the major alcohol in all the samples. Nootkatone was not detected. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Citrus sinensis var. Anliu			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Citrus sinensis var. Hongjiang			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Citrus sinensis var. Sihui			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Citrus sinensis var. Washington navel			Fruits	China		NP Content: > 0.005; < 0.05 %
Species Name: Coriandrum sativum
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[5]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Two samples (20 kg each) of mature coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits were used for this study. The first was purchased from a spice market of Korba in Tunisia (Tn), the second, from Canada (Can), was supplied by General Herboristerie Laboratory (Marseille, France). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The first from Tunisia (Tn) and the second from Canada (Can). The highest essential oil yield was observed for Can with 0.44% (w/w) and 0.37% (w/w) for Tn. Forty-five compounds were identified in the essential oils and the main compound of both samples was linalool. The total phenol contents varied between two coriander fruit samples; Can sample presented high polyphenol contents (15.16 mg GAE/g) compared with Tn one (12.10 mg GAE/g). Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among representing 0.7 mg GAE/g in Can and 0.34 mg GAE/g in Tn. The highest contents of total flavonoids were observed in Can sample with 13.2 mg CE/g. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Canada			Fruits	Canada		NP Content: 0.1 %
Locality: Korba, Tunisia			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[6]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fruits of coriander of commercial crops from Viamonte (Province of Cordoba), Argentina were compared with three Russian oils imported by the Argentinian fragrance and flavor industry. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Twenty components were identified which accounted for 96.6-99-7% of the total oils composition. The main constituents were linalool (68.9-83-7%), gamma-terpinene (2,2-5.1%), camphor (3.2-4.8%), alpha-pinene (1.0-6.5%), geraniol (1.4-3.2%) and geranyl acetate (0.8-3.8%). The contents of cis- and trans-linalool oxide (0.1-0.4%) were low. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Russia			Fruits	Russia		NP Content: 1.2 %
Locality: Viamonte, Province of Cordoba, Argentina			Fruits	Argentina		NP Content: 2.4 %
Species Name: Cymbopogon martinii
	Factor Name: Ethyl methane sulfonate Treatment; Ethyleneimine Treatment; Gamma ray Treatment; Cultivar Comparison				[7]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The materials (dry palmarosa seeds with 12% moisture content of four cultivars 'Tripta', 'Trishna', 'PRC' and 'MP') and methods of gamma rays (15 Kr, 60CO source with dose rate 0.38 Mrads\h) and chemicals ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS - 0.4%) and ethyleneimine (EI-0.04%) induced mutagenesis. The seed of the four varieties had already been selfed for 4-5 flowering seasons before mutagenesis to maintain genetic homogeneity (or purity) and thereafter all the selected M1 generation suspected mutant plants were individually selfed by bagging to give rise to controlled M2 plant to progeny segregants for further selection. Oil content was estimated on freshly harvested herbage (stems, leaves and inflorescence) using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The oil content was increased in all the 20 mutants as compared to their respective contols. Most M2 generation mutants were found to exhibit a straight relationship between high herbage (stem, leaves and inflorescence) yield, oil content (%) and oil quality in terms of major and trace constituents of the oil. Six mutants specifically were endowed with the desirable rosy note which remained predominant in the samples of Trishna-gamma-5, MP-gamma-13, Tripta-gamma-8, Tripta-Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-19, Tripta-EMS-21 and PRC-Ethyleneimine (EI)-44. The fresh herbage and oil yield and odor criteria, i.e., rosy note were satisified by the three best mutants, viz., Trishna-gamma-5, MP-gamma-13 and Tripta-gamma-19. The results have been interpreted in the sense that induction of mutations brings about gene level changes from dominance to recessive and vice versa in morpho-economic traits having quantitative trait loci (QTL) under polygenic genetic control. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Cymbopogon martinii cv. MP (Control)			Herbages	India		NP Content: 85.89 %
Mutant 31: C. martinii cv. MP induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 71.81 %
Mutant 31: C. martinii cv. MP induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 42.37 %
Mutant 13: C. martinii cv. MP induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 86.99 %
Cymbopogon martinii cv. PRC (Control)			Herbages	India		NP Content: 86.3 %
Mutant 43: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by ethyleneimine			Herbages	India		NP Content: 78.34 %
Mutant 44: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by ethyleneimine			Herbages	India		NP Content: 85.85 %
Mutant 45: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by ethyleneimine			Herbages	India		NP Content: 75.45 %
Mutant 48: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by ethyleneimine			Herbages	India		NP Content: 74.45 %
Mutant 9: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 71.7 %
Mutant 10: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 78.06 %
Mutant 12: C. martinii cv. PRC induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 75.43 %
Cymbopogon martinii cv. Tripta (Control)			Herbages	India		NP Content: 84.97 %
Mutant 18: C. martinii cv. Tripta induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 85.33 %
Mutant 19: C. martinii cv. Tripta induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 88.06 %
Mutant 20: C. martinii cv. Tripta induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 71.68 %
Mutant 21: C. martinii cv. Tripta induced by ethyl methane sulfonate			Herbages	India		NP Content: 82.74 %
Mutant 1: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 78.93 %
Mutant 2: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 54.14 %
Cymbopogon martinii cv. Trishna (Control)			Herbages	India		NP Content: 83.61 %
Mutant 41: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by ethyleneimine			Herbages	India		NP Content: 75 %
Mutant 5: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 81.65 %
Mutant 6: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 71.92 %
Mutant 8: C. martinii cv. Trishna induced by gamma rays			Herbages	India		NP Content: 71.7 %
Species Name: Cymbopogon nardus
	Factor Name: Gamma ray Treatment				[8]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Dormant vegetative slips of a single clone of Jamrosa of same age and size were subjected to various doses of gamma-ray treatment, doses ranging from 3-10 kR in three replications. Radiation source was gamma cell operating at dose rate of 2.0 R/minute. The irradiated clones along with the parental clones were planted in the experimental fields. Plants raised from irradiated plants were very carefully screened through visual and chemical analysis and were individually harvested. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Examination of the data reveals that highest oil yield per hectare was obtained from variant RL-931 giving a 33% increase in the oil yield over the parent close. This variant clone (RL-931) also had the desired reduction of the neral/geranial content in its oil coupled with increase in total alcohol content calculated as geraniol and geranyl acetate in the oil. Mutant RL-921 had a significantly higher percentage of geranyl acetate content in its oil compared to its control parental clone. Among the five mutant clones, the lowest neral/geranial content was found in clone RI-924, however, it also had reduced level of geraniol and geranyl acetate. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Mutant clone RL-82 (Parental): subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 29 %
Mutant clone RL-921: subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 13 %
Mutant clone RL-922: subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 38.3 %
Mutant clone RL-923: subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 18 %
Mutant clone RL-924: subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 16.4 %
Mutant clone RL-931: subjected to gamma-ray treatment			Whole plant	India		NP Content: 40.5 %
Species Name: Cymbopogon winterianus
	Factor Name: Pest Infestation				[9]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		General plantation of citronella cv. Java 2 was maintained following recommended agricultural practices at the Experimental Farm of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Field Station, Hyderabad, India. The experimental station has a semi-arid tropical climate. The experiment was conducted in the same plantation for 2 consecutive years during the summer month of June 1996 and 1997, when the incidence of the disease was higher. In each year, 12 each of healthy and diseased plants were selected at random and harvested. The occurrence of the disease is generally observed during the hot summer season months, when the temperatures are in the range 36-43 ℃. Initial symptoms of the pest attack appear as yellow specks or blotches, mostly along leaf margins, that in later stages develop into yellow streaks running along the length of the affected leaves. Emerging young leaves are pale green to yellow coloured, twisted, crinkled, developed into whip-like structures and in severe cases of infection fail to open. Even if they do open, these leaves fail to exhibit a smooth leaf surface. Severely affected older leaves turn brown, dry and die. The overall growth and development of the infected plant is severely affected, giving it a dwarfed and unhealthy appearance. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The essential oil examined by GC and GC-MS from cultivated healthy plants contained citronellal (28.4%), geraniol (24.8%), citronellol (11.8%) and elemol (10.2%). The major components from diseased plants were geraniol (19.0-25.5%), elemol (15.3-20.4%), citronellal (13.4-19.1%) and citronellol (12.9-15.1%). Caryophyllene oxide (3.5-6.0%) was an important minor component. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Healthy leaves of healthy plant			Leaves	Hyderabad, India		NP Content: 24.8 %
Healthy leaves of diseased plant (Yellowing and crinkling disease)			Leaves	Hyderabad, India		NP Content: 25.5 %
Crinkled, whip like leaves of diseased plant (Yellowing and crinkling disease)			Leaves	Hyderabad, India		NP Content: 19 %
Dead leaves of diseased plant (Yellowing and crinkling disease)			Leaves	Hyderabad, India		NP Content: 22.4 %
Semi-diseased leaves of diseased plant (Yellowing and crinkling disease)			Leaves	Hyderabad, India		NP Content: 24.8 %
Species Name: Ducrosia anethifolia
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[10]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The aerial parts of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss. were collected in the wild from Mehdi Abad (Kerman province, in southern Iran) at the flowering stage in June 2006. The material was dried at room temperature. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The 63 components of this interesting plant were identified in the oil of D. anethifolia, representing 94.0% of the oil. alpha-Pinene (11.6%), terpinolene(3.2%) and (z)-beta-ocimene (2.8%) were the main hydrocarbon components present in the oil, while decanal (54.0%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate(3.2%) and decanoic acid (1.3%) were the major oxygen-containing constituents. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Larestan, Iran			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 0.4 %
Locality: Karaj, Iran			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: <0.05 %
Locality: Kerman, Iran			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 0.2 %
Species Name: Ferulago angulata
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[11]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh F.angulata were leaves gathered and air dried in May, 2004 and the seeds collected in October, 2004 from both habitats (Shahoo and Nevakoh Mountains), Kermanshah Province western Iran. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The oil yield from seed was 5-fold that from leaves (3.2%/100g compared to 0.63%/100g). Cis-ocimene was the major constituent of the seed oil from both regions (64.8% and 76.11%) and a prominent constituent (>20% of the total oil) of the leaf oils of both habitats. alpha-Pinene was the next main component (7-27%) of all 4 oils. Seed oils, with one major component (cis-ocimene), differed from the leaf oils, which were composed mostly of 3 components (alpha-pinene, cis-ocimene, & germacrene D). Distinctions between the oils of the two habitats were less marked than the leaf-oil/seed-oil differences; the cis-ocimene content was higher and alpha-pinene was less in both seedand leaf-oils of the Shahoo habitats than the Nevakoh ecotype; trans-verbenol was absent from the Shahoo leaves, but reached a content of 5.8% in Nevahoh leaf-oil. Further distinctions were found in the content/presence/absence of 20-30 minor components of the oils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Leaf: (Locality: Nevakoh Mountains, Kermanshah Province, western Iran)			Leaves	Iran		NP Content: 0.2 %
Species Name: Fragaria vesca
	Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison				[12]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Whole leaves and inflorescences of two wild strawberry cultivars ('Rugia' and 'Baron von Solemacher') harvested in 2008 during the agrotechnical experiment performed by Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, were used as a material for determinations. Samples were collected before noon at sunny and dry days at the beginning of wild strawberry's flowering stage. Material was dried up to 35 ℃ in shadow and air just after the harvest. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Depending on a cultivar, air-dry inflorescences from wild strawberry contain from 0.21% ('Baron von Solemacher' cv.) to 0.30% ('Rugia' cv.), whereas leaves contains from 0.46% ('Baron von Solemacher' cv.) to 0.62% ('Rugia' cv.) of essential oils. GC/MS analysis of essential oils achieved from studied materials revealed presence of 70 (including 59 identified) compounds in leaves of 'Rugia' cv. and 58 (including 50 identified) compounds in leaves of 'Baron von Solemacher' cv. Essential oils from inflorescences of 'Rugia' cv. contained 52 (including 47 identified), while 'Baron von Solemacher' cv. contained 54 (including 46 identified) compounds. The chromatographic analyses by GC-MS revealed that myrthenol, nonal, linalool and phthalide dibuthyl dominated in essential oils obtained from leaves, while myrthenol, citronelol, linalool and geraniol - from those of inflorescences. There were qualitative differences between oil components at both studied materials and differentiation between both cultivars, as well. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Inflorescence: Fragaria vesca cv. Baron von Solemacher			Inflorescence	Poland		NP Content: 7.12 %
Inflorescence: Fragaria vesca cv. Rugia			Inflorescence	Poland		NP Content: 2.19 %
Leaf: Fragaria vesca cv. Baron von Solemacher			Leaves	Poland		NP Content: 6.72 %
Leaf: Fragaria vesca cv. Rugia			Leaves	Poland		NP Content: 5.95 %
Species Name: Melaleuca ericifolia
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[13]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Samples of M. ericifolia leaves were obtained from 19 locations as follows: DL3104- 3110, Coopernook, New South Wales (NSW), 31° 49′ 31″ S, 152° 36′ 48″ E (Site No. 1); DL3114-3120, Hawks Nest, NSW, 32° 40′ 09″ S, 152° 10′ 12″ E (Site No. 2); DL3240-3244, Hexham, NSW, 32° 48′ 50″ S, 151° 42′ E (Site No. 3); DL3245-3249, The Entrance, NSW, 32° 22′ 24″ S, 151° 28′ 19″ E (Site No. 4); DL3397-3401, Tuggerah Lake, NSW, 33° 21′ S, 151° 27′ E (Site No. 5); DL3250-3254, Georges River, NSW, 33° 58′ 42″ S, 151° 00′ 14″ E (Site No. 6); DL3255-3259, Berry, NSW, 34° 46′ 37″ S, 150° 45′ 27″ E (Site No. 7); DL3260-3264, Lake Durras, NSW, 35° 36′ 00″ S, 150° 16′ 17″ E (Site No. 8); DL3265- 3269, Wallaga Lake, NSW, 36° 23′ 43″ S, 150° 03′ 04″ E (Site No. 9); DL3270-3274, Wallagoot, NSW, 36° 44′ 50″ S, 149° 55′ 46″ E (Site No. 10); DL3275-3279, Genoa, Victoria (Vic), 37° 25′ 56″ S, 149° 38′ 41″ E (Site No. 11); BVG3024- 3028, West of Lakes Entrance, Vic, 37° 48′ S, 148° 03′E (Site No. 12); BVG3014-3018, West of Lang Lang, Vic, 38° 13′ S, 145° 30′ 13″ E (Site No. 13); BVG3019-3023, East of Welshpool, Vic, 38° 38′ 28″ S, 146° 30′53″ E (Site No. 14); ACC1019/1-2, 5-7, Nelson on the Glenelg River, Vic, 38° 03′ S, 141° 00′ E (Site No. 15); KJ1-5, Airport Flinders Island, Tasmania (Tas), 40° 05′ S, 148° 00′ E (Site No. 16); KJ6-10, Lackrana Road Flinders Island, Tas, 40° 18′ S, 148° 06′ E (Site No. 17); ACR1848/1-3, Woolnorth Point, Tas, 40° 38′ 30″ S, 144° 43′ 30″ E (Site No. 18); JB4509, Robins Island Track, Tas, 40° 45′ S, 144°53′E (Site No. 19). The majority of samples were collected during June to December 1999 with the exceptions being sites 5, 15 and 18, which were collected during July to October 2000. Leaf material totaling about 100 g of fresh leaves and twigs was obtained mainly from five widely spaced individual trees per location. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Oil composition varied quantitatively throughout the species range rather than qualitatively in an apparent association with latitude of occurrence. Linalool and linalool oxide were abundant in the oils from the north of the species range in New South Wales with a gradual southerly decline in these compounds to central Victoria with concomitant increase in the proportions of 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpineol and limonene. The most southerly populations sampled in southern Victoria and Tasmania gave oils containing relatively high proportions of 1,8-cineole (mean 34.5%) and low proportions of linalool (3%). Four populations from the Central Coast of NSW (Coopernook, Hawks Nest, The Entrance and Tuggerah Lake) provided the greatest opportunity of identifying seed trees that combine the attributes required for plantation development. The tree that had the best combination of oil traits (DL 3116 from Hawks Nest) had an oil yield of 4.5%, a linalool content of 60% and a 1,8-cineole content of 16%. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: northern Australia			Leaves	Australia		NP Content: 0.3 %
Locality: southern Australia			Leaves	Australia		NP Content: 0.3 %
*Species Name: Melaleuca quinquenervia* (Cav.) S.T. Blake**
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[14]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		One hundred grams of mature leaves were collected from 2 to 10 widely spaced trees per site and sent to Sydney for analysis as soon as possible after collection. Samples usually arrived in the laboratory within 48 h of collection. The majority of the sampling was done between December 1998 and October 1999. Seasonal trends in oil yields and composition are confounded in the data on geographic variation, but these were considered minor in the context of this study. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Chemotype 1 is comprised of E-nerolidol (74-95%) and linalool (14-30%) and is found from Sydney, north along the east coast of Australia to Selection Flat, New South Wales, with an isolated occurrence near Maryborough, Queensland. Two divisions occur in this chemotype which are based on the presence or absence of significant proportions of linalool (14-40%). Chemotype 2 contains 1,8-cineole (10-75%), viridiflorol (13-66%), alpha-terpineol (0.5-14%) and beta-caryophyllene (0.5-28%) in varying proportions and order of dominance in the oils. It is found throughout the distribution of the species, from Sydney to Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. Within chemotype 2 there appears to be a continuous spread of oil composition without formation of any further discrete divisions as in chemotype 1. Analyses have shown that M. quinquenervia trees that occur at latitudes south of 25d S have high oil yields (1-3% w/w%, fresh leaves) and comprise chemotypes 1 and 2. North of 25d S, however, chemotype 1 does not occur and oil yields amongst the Australian populations are uniformly low (0.1-0.2%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (E-nerolidol in large concentration type)			Leaves	Australia and Papua New Guinea		NP Content: 0.1 %
Species Name: Micromeria biflora
	Factor Name: Seasonal Variation				[15]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The aerial parts of M. biflora collected during November 1993 and June 1994 were used for the investigation. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The major constituents of the oil were neral (25.3-32.2%) and geranial (26.7-41.3%). The oil produced in the winter was found to contain higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes than the oil produced in the summer. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Harvesting time: Summer			Aerial parts	South India		NP Content: 0.65 %
Harvesting time: Winter			Aerial parts	South India		NP Content: 1.11 %
Species Name: Myrtus communis var. italica
	Factor Name: Month Variation				[16]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Myrtle (M. communis var. italica) aerial parts were collected monthly during 2006-2007 from Jbal Stara of Haouaria region in North Tunisia, belonging to a subhumid bioclimate. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		In conclusion, high fluctuations were observed in the oil yields and composition of different parts of Myrtus communis var. italica during all the collecting periods. They could be explained by genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, significant differences were revealed in the main oil compounds. alpha-Pinene percentages showed the most remarkable changes among the different part oils. So, leaf oils contained more alpha-pinene than those of the fruits and stems during the myrtle vegetative cycle. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Leaf: (Harvesting time: January)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.8 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: February)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.5 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: March)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.2 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: April)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.4 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: May)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.4 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: June)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.6 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: July)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.2 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: August)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: September)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: October)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 1 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: November)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.7 %
Leaf: (Harvesting time: December)			Leaves	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.8 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: January)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.3 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: August)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.7 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: September)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 2 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: October)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.5 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: November)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.6 %
Fruit: (Harvesting time: December)			Fruits	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.9 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: January)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: February)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: March)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: April)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: May)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: June)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: July)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: August)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 1.7 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: September)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 2.5 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: October)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: November)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.2 %
Stem: (Harvesting time: December)			Stems	Tunisia		NP Content: 0.1 %
Species Name: Ocimum basilicum
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[17]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Benth, Ocimum basilicum var. dianatnejadii Salimi at flowering stage were collected from plants grown in Experimental Station of Pykan Shahr, near Tehran. Elevation 1215 m above sea level, latitude 35° 42′ North, 51° 8′ East, average humidity 36% and climatic category semi-arid. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Methyl chavicol (43.0%) and linalool (28.9%) were identified as the major compounds in the oil of O. basilicum var. purpurascens, while methyl chavicol (37.6%), linalool (33.4%) and alpha-cadinol (5.7%) were the major constituents in the oil of O. basilicum var. dianatnejadii. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Ocimum basilicum var. dianatnejadii Salimi			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 0.5 %
*Species Name: Ocimum basilicum* 'Fino Verde'**
	Factor Name: Harvest Time Variation; High Temperature Treatment				[18]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was separated in two experiments performed in our research station Campus Rural of The Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao city, Sergipe State, from December 03, 2002 to April 28, 2003. First harvesting: The first harvesting (Experiment 1) was performed 40 days after seedlings transplantation during full bloom on 03/06/2003. Harvesting was performed cutting plants at 20 cm height from the soil. The collected material consisted on separating leaves and inflorescences from the stalk. In the first experiment only used leaves in the analysis. Randomized block design in a 3x4 factorial scheme with three replications was used. Each plot was composed of five plants. Treatments were: three harvesting periods (8:00; 12:00, and 16:00 h) combined with three drying temperatures (40, 50, and 60 ℃) and fresh leaves. Second harvesting: To perform the second harvesting (Experiment 2) we collected the regrowth of plants used in Experiment 1. Plants were harvested fifty three days after the first harvesting (on 04/28/2003) at 8:00 h using the same procedures as the first one; however both leaves and infl orescences were used in the analysis. Randomized block design with three replications was used. Treatments were drying periods of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 16 days for leaves and infl orescences in ovens with air renewal and circulation (Marconi model MA-037/5) at 40 ℃. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Harvesting performed at 8:00 h and 12:00 h provided higher essential oil yield. After five days drying, the concentration of linalool raised from 45.18% to 86.80%. O. basilicum should be harvested during morning and the biomass dried at 40 ℃ for five days to obtain linalool rich essential oil. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Fresh Leaf: (Harvesting time: 8:00 h)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 0.85 %
Fresh Leaf: (Harvesting time: 12:00 h)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.37 %
Fresh Leaf: (Harvesting time: 16:00 h)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.29 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 8:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 40 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.29 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 12:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 40 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 2.12 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 16:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 40 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.31 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 8:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 50 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.48 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 12:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 50 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.78 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 16:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 50 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.61 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 8:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 60 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 2.22 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 12:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 60 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 2.35 %
Dry Leaf: (Harvesting time: 16:00 h) + (Drying temperature: 60 ℃)			Leaves	Brazil		NP Content: 1.99 %
*Species Name: Ocimum basilicum* L**
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[19]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The study was conducted in North-Central Anatolia under semi arid conditions. Seeds of 18 basil landraces (O. basilicum L.) were collected from local farms and home gardens in Turkey. To examine essential oil composition of the basil landraces without environmental influences, the plants were grown under identical (same environmental and soil conditions) conditions. Seeds were sown on a medium (1:1:1 washed sand, horse manure and field soil) in greenhouse conditions on March 25, 2003. Seedlings were grown until the 3-5 leaf stage. The seedlings were transplanted into pilots in the Gaziosmanpasxa University Experimental Research Station on May 15, 2003. The plants were harvested at the full blooming stage and dried at 35 ℃ for essential oil isolation. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Variation of essential oils in the landraces was subjected to cluster analysis, and seven different chemotypes were identified. They were (1) linalool, (2) methyl cinnamate, (3) methyl cinnamate/linalool, (4) methyl eugenol, (5) citral, (6) methyl chavicol (estragol), and (7) methyl chavicol/citral. Methyl chavicol with high citral contents (methyl chavicol/citral) can be considered as a 'new chemotype' in the Turkish basils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (linalool-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 0.7 %
Chemotype (methyl (E)-cinnamate-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 0.2 %
Chemotype (methyl (E)-cinnamate-rich and linalool-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 0.5 %
Chemotype (citral-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 2.5 %
Chemotype (methyl chavicol and citral-rich type)			Leaves	Turkey		NP Content: 1.4 %
Species Name: Ocimum gratissimum
	Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation				[20]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Field experiment was initiated in June 2000 in the same block of the research farm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five treatments on stage of crop harvest (pre-flowering and 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% flowering) and four replications, individual plots being 3 × 6 m. Each plot received uniform dose of neem cake 900 g (0.5 t/ha), di-ammonium phosphate 155 g (40 Kg P₂O₅ /ha) and muriate of potash 120 g (40 kg K₂O/ha) as basal dose which was incorporated with 5 cm top soil using hand hoe. Ocimum gratissimum seedlings, six weeks old, were planted at 60 cm row-to-row and 45 cm plant-to-plant spacing in June 2000. The field was irrigated immediately after planting for early establishment of the seedlings. Thereafter, the field was irrigated 11 and 13 times in the first and second year of experimentation, respectively. Nitrogen at 120 kg/ha was applied in the form of urea spreading over all the harvests per annum. The crop received fi ve and four hand weedings during first and second year of experimentation. Apical part (25-35 cm) of all the branches was harvested in all the treatments as given below: (Pre-flowering Year1 September 20 and November 12, 2000 and January 16, March 17 and May 16, 2001; Year2 July 20, September 13 and November 17, 2001 and January 27, April 7 and June 16, 2002); (25% flowering Year1 September 26 and November 25, 2000 and February 3, April 9 and June 13, 2001; Year2 August 17, October 16 and December 26, 2001 and March 11 and May 25, 2002); (50% flowering Year1 September 30 and December 4, 2000 and February 17, April 28 and July 7, 2001; Year2 September 10 and November 14, 2001 and January 24, April 9 and June 23, 2002); (75% flowering Year1 October 7 and December 16, 2000 and March 6 and May 20, 2001; Year2 August 3, October 12 and December 21, 2001 and March 6 and May 25, 2002); (100% flowering Year1 October 15 and December 29, 2000 and March 24 and June 12, 2001; Year2 August 31 and November 14, 2001 and January 28, April 18 and July 7, 2002). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Harvesting at pre-flowering produced 12.5%, 24.1%, 35.5% and 50.0% higher biomass yield compared to harvesting at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% flowering, respectively, in the first year of cropping. The respective increase was 16.8%, 22.0%, 38.2% and 63.2% in the second year. Late harvested crop (100% flowering) contained the highest amount of essential oil and it decreased in the order of harvesting at 100% flowering > 75% flowering > 50% flowering > 25% flowering > pre-flowering treatment. The total oil yield was, however, significantly higher (15.8-19.9% and 12.7-33.6% in first and second years, respectively) with pre-flowering compared to all other harvest treatments. Pre-flowering harvested crop produced oil containing the highest amount of eugenol and it decreased in the order of harvesting at pre-flowering > 25% flowering > 50% flowering > 75% flowering > 100% flowering treatment. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Branch: Pre-flowering stage			Apical part of branches	India		NP Content: 0.2 %
Branch: 50% flowering stage			Apical part of branches	India		NP Content: 0.1 %
Branch: 100% flowering stage			Apical part of branches	India		NP Content: 0.1 %
*Species Name: Pelargonium graveolens* L'Her.**
	Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison; Seasonal Variation				[21]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		One-month-old rooted stem cuttings of three rosescented geranium cultivars, namely Bourbon type, CIM-Pawan and Kelkar were transplanted at 50 × 50 cm plant spacing in the experimental field of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center Purara, Uttarakhand, in October 2007. Plants were irrigated immediately after transplanting and further crops were raised following the normal agricultural practices needed to grow the plant. The experimental site is located between the coordinates 28° 60′ and 31° 29′ N, 77° 49′ and 80° 60 m E, and at an altitude of 1250 m in the Kattyur valley. Climatologically, it is categorized as a sub-temperate (1200-1700 m) zone, where monsoon usually breaks in June and continues up to September. Sampling of the rose-scented geranium cultivars was started from March 2008 and taken on the tenth of every month until February 2009. Samples were collected in triplicate in each season. (A, cv. Bourbon type; B, cv. CIM-Pawan; C, cv. Kelkar; I, spring season; II, summer season; III, rainy season;IV, autumn season; V, winter season). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The major components in the essential oil of cv. Bourbon type were geraniol (14.1-34.6%), citronellol (15.2-31.3%), linalool (2.9-9.2%), citronellyl formate (4.4-9.2%), isomenthone (4.5-6.6%), 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol (4.7-6.7%) and geranyl formate (3.8-6.2%). The dominant constituents of the cv. CIM-Pawan essential oil were geraniol (11.9-31.9%), citronellol (16.1-30.2%), citronellyl formate (5.2-8.9%), linalool (3.7-6.4%), isomenthone (4.0-6.3%), 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol (4.4-5.2%) and geranyl formate (4.3-5.0%). However, the chemical composition and odor of cv. Kelkar was quite different from the other two cultivars and the major components found in this oil were citronellol (51.0-63.4%) and isomenthone (9.8-17.8%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Bourbon type: (Harvesting time: spring season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 34.6 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Bourbon type: (Harvesting time: summer season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 31.5 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Bourbon type: (Harvesting time: autumn season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 29.3 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Bourbon type: (Harvesting time: winter season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 14.1 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Bourbon type: (Harvesting time: rainy season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 23.9 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. CIM-Pawan: (Harvesting time: spring season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 28.3 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. CIM-Pawan: (Harvesting time: summer season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 29.5 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. CIM-Pawan: (Harvesting time: autumn season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 30.3 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. CIM-Pawan: (Harvesting time: winter season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 11.9 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. CIM-Pawan: (Harvesting time: rainy season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 31.9 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Kelkar: (Harvesting time: spring season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 2.1 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Kelkar: (Harvesting time: summer season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 0.9 %
Species Name: Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus
	Factor Name: Developmental Stage Variation				[22]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Two samples were collected in Sao Goncalo do Abaete, one in July 2000 and the other in November 2005, in periods of post-anthesis and preanthesis, respectively. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Thirty compounds were detected in the samples collected in Sao Goncalo do Abaete. Among the identified compounds, 53.8% are sesquiterpenes and 42.3% are monoterpenes. The majority components in the two samples were neral and geranial. The sample in anthesis presented a lower percentage of neral (21.4%) and geranial (36.5%) than the sample in pre-anthesis, whose percentages of neral and geranial were 33.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
post-anthesis stage			Leaves	Sao Goncalo do Abaete, Brazil		NP Content: 1.3 %
Species Name: Rosa damascena
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[23]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Experimental site: The present study was conducted at the experimental farm of the CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (1325 m amsl, 32° 06′ 05″ N, 76° 34′10″ E), India, in 2011. Minimum temperature ranges from 3.5 ℃ to 19.8 ℃, maximum temperature ranges from 15.2 ℃ to 31.4 ℃, relative humidity varies between 62.2% and 94.1% in the morning and 45.0% and 87.2% in the evening, and bright sunshine hour ranges from 2.9 to 8.9 hours. Plant material: A population of approximately 50,000 plants raised from mixed stem cuttings collected from perennial rose plantations at the University of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, and maintained in the field of the CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India, were utilized as an original gene pool of R. damascena. Two varieties, Jwala and Himroz were diversified through selections of desirable traits (morphological/oil content) across 25,000 plants. The five elites, three of R. damascena var. Jwala, (Indica, Super jwala and Jwala) and two of R. damascena var. Himroz (Hot himroz and Himroz) were developed through field selections and maintained at the Natural Plant Products Division Experimental Farm of the Institute. Rosa bourboniana plants were collected from the Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre, Kannauj, UP, India, during 1992 and maintained at the Natural Plant Products Division Experimental Farm of the Institute. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The essential oil content of the varieties of R. damascena varied from 0.037% to 0.051% and that of R. bourboniana was 0.017%. Super jwala recorded the highest oil content (0.051%). A total of 32 components were identified in the different varieties of rose oil. These components constituted 78.1-93.5% of the total rose oil species. The main components of rose oil were citronellol + nerol (16.3-30.1%), geraniol (15.8-29.3%), linalool (0.7-1.9%), rose oxide (0.9-2.6%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (0.1-0.4%), eugenol (0.3-2.2%), nonadecane (7.3-14.7%). The content of citronellol + nerol (30.1%) and geraniol (29.3%) was the highest in Himroz compared with other varieties. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Rosa damascena var. Himroz			Flowers	India		NP Content: 29.3 %
Rosa damascena var. Hot Himroz			Flowers	India		NP Content: 27 %
Rosa damascena var. Indica			Flowers	India		NP Content: 24.5 %
Rosa damascena var. Jwala			Flowers	India		NP Content: 27.5 %
Rosa damascena var. Super Jwala			Flowers	India		NP Content: 23.2 %
Species Name: Rosamarinus officinalis
	Factor Name: Month Variation; Developmental Stage Variation				[24]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The plants from Shawieh were harvested four times in 1998 on different separate plants: at full flowering (March), after flowering (May) and at late flowering season (November). And in 1999 at full flowering (March). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The oil samples were found to be rich in alpha-pinene (18.8-38.5%) and 1,8-cineole (19.1-25.1%). The Lebanese oils had particularly high levels of alpha-terpineol (2.9-11.2%) and geraniol (1.8-9.3%). The maximum alpha-pinene content is related to flowering period. Although the results obtained did not indicate a large variation of oil composition in relation to harvest time (flowering and after flowering), some reproducible differences were noticeable. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Whole plant: flowering stage + Harvesting time: March-1998			Whole plant	Shaweih, Lebanon		NP Content: 2.6 %
Whole plant: after flowering stage + Harvesting time: May-1998			Whole plant	Shaweih, Lebanon		NP Content: 3.5 %
Whole plant: late flowering stage + Harvesting time: November-1998			Whole plant	Shaweih, Lebanon		NP Content: 5.6 %
Flower: flowering stage + Harvesting time: March-1999			Flowers	Shaweih, Lebanon		NP Content: 2.1 %
Leaves: flowering stage + Harvesting time: March-1999			Leaves	Shaweih, Lebanon		NP Content: 2.7 %
Species Name: Salvia aucheri
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[25]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		S. aucheri var. aucheri was collected in Karaman: Ermenek to Mutt Road on July 19,1995; Salvia aucheri var. canescens was collected in Karaman: Ermenek, Tekecati Valley on July 19,1995. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Eighty components were characterized in the Salvia aucheri var. aucheri oil, with camphor (21.1%), 1, 8-cineole (20.3%), borneol (7.8%), spathulenol (6.3%) and camphene (5.3%) as major constituents. 1, 8-Cineole (25.2%), camphor (17.9%), borneol (10.6%), alpha-pinene (5.4%) and camphene (5.3%) were identified as major constituents among the 88 components characterized in the oil of Salvia aucheri var. canescens. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Salvia aucheri var. aucheri			Aerial parts	Karaman, Turkey		NP Content: 0.1 %
Species Name: Salvia sclarea
	Factor Name: Altitude Variation				[26]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Clones of T. daenensis populations were collected from 11 locations including seven locations in Fars and four locations in Kohkiluyeh provinces of Iran. The clones of T. daenensis populations were transplanted to the farm at IANRRC Research Station, located in NajafAbad (18 km west Isfahan, 32° 36′ N, 51° 26′ E and 1612 m asl) in March 2002 . Clones were grown in 5 × 2 m plots with 50 × 50 cm planting density. Fertilizers were applied prior to planting at a rate of 60 kg P/ha and 50 kg N/ha. After 3 years (2004), the aerial parts of plants were harvested at full flowering stage, dried at room temperature, and stored until analysis inside paper bags in a cool and dark place. Td1 (Fars Province, Eghlid, Asepas; Altitude: 2000); Td2 (Fars Province, Sourian, Bavanat; Altitude: 2500); Td3 (Fars Province, Abadeh, Keverlar; Altitude: 2280); Td4 (Fars Province, Abadeh -Shiraz Rd, Kolikosh; Altitude: 2400); Td5 (Fars Province, Shiraz -Yasouj Rd, Komehr; Altitude: 2415); Td6 (Fars Province, Yasouj -Shiraz Rd, Margoon; Altitude: 2170); Td7 (Fars Province, Shiraz -Isfahan Rd, Pasargad; Altitude: 2190); Td8 (Kohkiluyeh Province, Sisakht, Gol; Altitude: 2570); Td9 (Kohkiluyeh Province, Kakan; Altitude: 2200); Td10 (Kohkiluyeh Province, Yasouj -Sepidan Rd, Mahparviz; Altitude: 2660); Td11 (Kohkiluyeh Province, Sepidar, Pazanan; Altitude: 2600). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Carvacrol, thymol and geraniol were found as the main constituents in the oils of the tested populations. Variation of the oils in populations was subjected to cluster analysis and three different chemotypes including carvacrol (47.3-80.1%), thymol (53.1-72.2%) and geraniol (65.6-75.7%) were identiified. Other important components were beta-caryophyllene (1.7-9%), p-cymene (0.1-10.9%) and gamma-terpinene (0.1-7.8%). Although Thymus is known as having high thymol content in its oil, it is revealed that T. daenensis subsp. daenensis has also a high potential for carvacrol and geraniol constituents in the oil. The largest similarity of the oil components of populations was detected between Td4 and Td7 and the lowest was revealed between Td8 and Td9. The differences in the oil content and composition of the populations could be attributed to their genetic variability and they could be a good genetic source for breeding purposes. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Asepas, Eghlid, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2000 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Bavanat, Sourian, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2500 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 16.1 %
Locality: Keverlar, Abadeh, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2280 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Kolikosh, Abadeh -Shiraz Rd, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2400 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Komehr, Shiraz-Yasouj Rd, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2415 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Margoon, Yasouj-Shiraz Rd, Fars Province, Iran; Altitude 2170 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 75.7 %
Locality: Gol, Sisakht, Kohkiluyeh Province, Iran; Altitude 2570 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Kakan, Kohkiluyeh Province, Iran; Altitude 2200 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 7.7 %
Locality: Mahparviz, Yasouj -Sepidan Rd, Kohkiluyeh Province, Iran; Altitude 2660 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Locality: Pazanan, Sepidar, Kohkiluyeh Province, Iran; Altitude 2600 m			Aerial parts	Iran		NP Content: 65.6 %
Species Name: Satureja parnassica ssp. parnassica
	Factor Name: Month Variation; Developmental Stage Variation				[27]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh plant materials were obtained in 2004 and 2005. S. thymbra 1(vegetative stage: just before flowering, date: June 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 2(vegetative stage: full flowering, date: July 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 3(vegetative stage: after flowering, date: Aug 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 4(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Sept 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 5(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Nov 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 6(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Feb 7, 2005, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 7(vegetative stage: before flowering, date: May 7, 2005, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. parnassica 8(vegetative stage: before flowering, date: June 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 9(vegetative stage: just before flowering, date: July 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 10(vegetative stage: full flowering, date: Aug 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 11(vegetative stage: after flowering, date: Sept 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		It is evident that the phytochemical content of the essential oils for both Satureja species varied greatly, depending on the period examined, and showed large prevalence of phenolic content. It must also be pointed out that regardless of the vegetative stage of the plant collected, the sum of the two isomeric phenol monoterpenes (carvacrol and thymol) and their biosynthetic monoterpene precursors p-cymene and gamma-terpinene represented always the bulk of each essential oil (~76%). More specificallysfor both species-during their premature vegetative stage, gamma-terpinene constitutes the major component of their essential oils. The approach of the flowering period results in the simultaneous gradual diminishment of monoterpene precursors and the prevalence of their phenolic metabolites. Thus, essential oils obtained from plants collected during the 'just before their flowering' stage contain thymol as their major component, which constitutes 27.88 and 38.51% of the total oil content for S. thymbra and S. parnassica, respectively. On the other hand, during their full flowering period carvacrol prevails as the major component, accounting for 39.10% for S. thymbra and for 34.61% for S. parnassica. The end of the flowering stage delineates a sharp decrease of carvacrol levels and the predominance of thymol as the major component of the essential oils. A few months later, as the premature vegetative stage approached, the level of gamma-terpinene was restored. The content of p-cymenesthe other major monoterpene precursor-fluctuated seasonally in a manner similar to that shown by gamma-terpinene. Other monoterpene hydrocarbons such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene were also detected in smaller quantities, whereas various monoterpene alcohols such as linalool, borneol, and terpin-4-ol were found mainly in the oils obtained after the flowering stage. Finally, it is notable that the oils obtained during the just before the full flowering period contain beta-caryophyllene as one of their major components. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Harvesting time: before flowering satge; 16-June-2004			Leaves and stems	Mt. Parnon, Peloponnese		NP Content: 0.19 %
Harvesting time: just before flowering satge; 16-June-2004			Leaves and stems	Mt. Parnon, Peloponnese		NP Content: <0.05 %
Species Name: Satureja thymbra
	Factor Name: Month Variation; Developmental Stage Variation				[27]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh plant materials were obtained in 2004 and 2005. S. thymbra 1(vegetative stage: just before flowering, date: June 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 2(vegetative stage: full flowering, date: July 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 3(vegetative stage: after flowering, date: Aug 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 4(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Sept 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 5(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Nov 7, 2004, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 6(vegetative stage: fruiting, date: Feb 7, 2005, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. thymbra 7(vegetative stage: before flowering, date: May 7, 2005, location: Mt. Immitos, altitude(m): 350); S. parnassica 8(vegetative stage: before flowering, date: June 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 9(vegetative stage: just before flowering, date: July 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 10(vegetative stage: full flowering, date: Aug 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800); S. parnassica 11(vegetative stage: after flowering, date: Sept 16, 2004, location: Mt. Parnon, altitude(m): 1800). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		It is evident that the phytochemical content of the essential oils for both Satureja species varied greatly, depending on the period examined, and showed large prevalence of phenolic content. It must also be pointed out that regardless of the vegetative stage of the plant collected, the sum of the two isomeric phenol monoterpenes (carvacrol and thymol) and their biosynthetic monoterpene precursors p-cymene and gamma-terpinene represented always the bulk of each essential oil (~76%). More specificallysfor both species-during their premature vegetative stage, gamma-terpinene constitutes the major component of their essential oils. The approach of the flowering period results in the simultaneous gradual diminishment of monoterpene precursors and the prevalence of their phenolic metabolites. Thus, essential oils obtained from plants collected during the 'just before their flowering' stage contain thymol as their major component, which constitutes 27.88 and 38.51% of the total oil content for S. thymbra and S. parnassica, respectively. On the other hand, during their full flowering period carvacrol prevails as the major component, accounting for 39.10% for S. thymbra and for 34.61% for S. parnassica. The end of the flowering stage delineates a sharp decrease of carvacrol levels and the predominance of thymol as the major component of the essential oils. A few months later, as the premature vegetative stage approached, the level of gamma-terpinene was restored. The content of p-cymenesthe other major monoterpene precursor-fluctuated seasonally in a manner similar to that shown by gamma-terpinene. Other monoterpene hydrocarbons such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene were also detected in smaller quantities, whereas various monoterpene alcohols such as linalool, borneol, and terpin-4-ol were found mainly in the oils obtained after the flowering stage. Finally, it is notable that the oils obtained during the just before the full flowering period contain beta-caryophyllene as one of their major components. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Harvesting time: just before flowering satge; 7-June-2004			Leaves and stems	Mt. Immitos, Continental Greece		NP Content: 0.11 %
Harvesting time: full flowering satge; 7-June-2004			Leaves, stems and flowers	Mt. Immitos, Continental Greece		NP Content: <0.05 %
Harvesting time: fruiting satge; 7-November-2004			Leaves and stems	Mt. Immitos, Continental Greece		NP Content: 0.08 %
Harvesting time: fruiting satge; 7-February- 2005			Leaves and stems	Mt. Immitos, Continental Greece		NP Content: 0.09 %
Harvesting time: before flowering satge; 7-May-2005			Leaves and stems	Mt. Immitos, Continental Greece		NP Content: <0.05 %
Species Name: Tanacetum dolichophyllum
	Factor Name: Altitude Variation				[28]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Wild growing Tanacetum dolichophyllum samples were collected during the period of full flowering, between September-October 2009 from high alpine meadows of Western Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India): Sample I (Dayara, altitude 3200 m) and Sample II (Tungnath, altitude 3800 m). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Plant collected from Dayara meadow (Sample I) afforded cis-lanceol (11.8%), beta-pinene (10.7%), (E)- beta-farnesene (7.4%), alpha-bisabolol (7.2%), beta-eudesmol (5.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.1%) as the major constituents, whereas in the sample collected from Tungnath (Sample II) beta-eudesmol (31.4%), alpha-bisabolol (10.7%) were the most abundant components followed by neryl acetate (5.8%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (5.7%). The composition was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (49.2-71.1%). The oils are clearly different from those of all other previously reported T. dolichophyllum oils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Dayara; Altitude 3200m			Aerial parts	Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India		NP Content: 0.9 %
Locality: Tungnath; Altitude 3800m			Aerial parts	Himalyas, Uttarakhand, India		NP Content: 2.6 %
Species Name: Teucrium chamaedrys
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[29]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		The aerial parts of T. chamaedrys were collected at the flowering stage in June 2004 near Corti, Corsica, France and near Oristano, Sardinia, Italy Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The Corsican and Sardinian oils of T. chamaedrys investigated in this study were qualitatively similar but they differed by the amount of their major components. The major components were beta-caryophyllene (29.0% and 27.4%, respectively) and germacrene D (19.4% and 13.5%, respectively), followed by alpha-humulene (6.8%) and delta-cadinene (5.4%) in the Corsican oil and by caryophyllene oxide (12.3%) and alpha-humulene (6.5%) in the Sardinian oil. These quantitative differences are also noticeable on the amounts of the different class compounds. Especially, the monoterpene hydrocarbons amounted for 10.3% and 4.1% in Sardinian and Corsican oils respectively and the oxygenated sesquiterpenes amounted for 18.9% and only 7.4% in both oils, respectively. Both oils were qualitatively rather similar in comparison with those reported in the literature from various geographic regions. However, among the 87 components identified in this study, 47 minor components (< 0.6%) reported were identified for the first time in T. chamaedrys oil. This study confirms the quantitative variability of the major components according to the plant origin. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Corti, Corsica, France			Aerial parts	France		NP Content: 0.1 %
Locality: Oristano, Sardinia, Italy			Aerial parts	Italy		NP Content: <0.05 %
Species Name: Thymus longicaulis
	Factor Name: Locality Variation; Developmental Stage Variation				[30]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Fresh plant materials were obtained on 2002. Collection Data: Thymus longicaulis, abbreviation: TLK, vegetative stage: in fruiting, date: 03/06/02, location: Mt. Kitheron, continental Greece, altitude (m): 600; Thymus longicaulis, abbreviation: TLP, vegetative stage: full flowering, date: 17/06/02, location: Mt. Parnon, Peloponnesus, altitude (m): 1650. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		T. longicaulis specimens, obtained fromvaried stations, showed large prevalent phenolic contents. The sample of TLK was exceptionally poor in phenolic monoterpenes (35.83%) and the essential oil of OVH was perticularly rich in carvacrol (88.71%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Stems, leaves, calyx, and seeds: fruiting stage + (Locality: Mt. Kitheron, continental Greece)			Stems; Leaves; Calyx; Seeds (fresh)	Mt. Kitheron, continental Greece		NP Content: 27.35 %
	Factor Name: Chemotype Comparison				[31]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Aerial parts of the plants with distinct odors, harvested at full flowering stage, were collected from the same population (growing in an area of one m²) on Mt. Parnis Attiki, at an altitude of 1200 m in June 1995. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		Limonene (18.7%) and thymol (19.4%); geraniol (56.8%) and geranyl acetate (7.6%); linalool (63.1%) and alpha-terpinyl acetate (20.4%) were the predominant components in each of the three different chemotypes, respectively. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Chemotype (thyme-odor type)			Aerial parts	Attiki, Greece		NP Content: 3.7 %
Chemotype (rose-odor type)			Aerial parts	Attiki, Greece		NP Content: 56.8 %
Chemotype (lavender-odor type)			Aerial parts	Attiki, Greece		NP Content: 0.1 %
Species Name: Thymus pseudopulegioides
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[32]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Plant materials were collected from the following localities in north western Turkey. A = Trabzon: Caykara, Soganli dag on July 28, 1994; B = Bayburt: Caykara, Mohakambo yaylasi on July 25, 1994; C = Trabzon: Koprubasi, Vizara yaylasi on July 20, 1994. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		One hundred and four compounds were identified representing 97.5-99.5% of the total components detected in thymol/carvacrol (50.14/10.67%), thymol/linalool (23.14/20.24%) and linalool/alpha-terpinyl acetate/geraniol (21.55/16.70/11.17%) rich oils. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Soganli dag, Caykara, Trabzon, Eskisehir, Turkey			Aerial parts	Eskisehir, Turkey		NP Content: 1.4 %
Locality: Vizara yaylasi, Koprubasi, Trabzon, Eskisehir, Turkey			Aerial parts	Eskisehir, Turkey		NP Content: 11.2 %
Species Name: Thymus striatus
	Factor Name: Locality Variation				[33]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Aerial parts of the plant were collected from four localities: A = Kirklareli: Karadere in May 1991; B = Kirklareli: Karahamza Village in May 1990; C = Kirklareli: Evciler Village on 13 June 1993; D = Kirklareli: Korukoy on 25 May 1994 Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The four oils obtained from plants collected in different localities of the same region gave quite different compositions as follows: A: thymol (10.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.96%), p-cymene (9.48%), carvacrol (5.28%); B: beta-caryophyllene (29.50%), carvacrol(20.59%); C: thymol (34.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.74%), carvacrol (5.24%); D: beta-caryophyllene (56.48%), germacrene D (11.12%), carvacrol (4.85%). Since the identities of the plant materials were checked repeatedly, any misidentification is ruled out. Except for A and C, all the other materials showed beta-caryophyllene as the major constituent. Carvacrol (20.59%) was present in good amount in the oil of B. In A, however, high percentages of 1,8-cineole (10%) and p-cymene (9.5%) were significant. This oil contained only a trace amount of beta-caryophyllene. Four isomeric caryophyllene alcohols were detected in the oil B. The results clearly indicate that the oil of T. striatus var. interruptus has no consistency and we can safely suggest that there are at least three chemotypes, namely thymol/1,8-cineole/p-cymene-type; thymol/beta-caryophyllene-type; and beta-caryophyllene-type, of this species. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Locality: Karadere, Kirklareli, Turkey			Aerial parts	Kirklareli, Turkey		NP Content: 0.1 %
Species Name: Thymus vulgaris
	Factor Name: Cultivar Comparison; Seasonal Variation				[21]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		One-month-old rooted stem cuttings of three rosescented geranium cultivars, namely Bourbon type, CIM-Pawan and Kelkar were transplanted at 50 × 50 cm plant spacing in the experimental field of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center Purara, Uttarakhand, in October 2007. Plants were irrigated immediately after transplanting and further crops were raised following the normal agricultural practices needed to grow the plant. The experimental site is located between the coordinates 28° 60′ and 31° 29′ N, 77° 49′ and 80° 60 m E, and at an altitude of 1250 m in the Kattyur valley. Climatologically, it is categorized as a sub-temperate (1200-1700 m) zone, where monsoon usually breaks in June and continues up to September. Sampling of the rose-scented geranium cultivars was started from March 2008 and taken on the tenth of every month until February 2009. Samples were collected in triplicate in each season. (A, cv. Bourbon type; B, cv. CIM-Pawan; C, cv. Kelkar; I, spring season; II, summer season; III, rainy season;IV, autumn season; V, winter season). Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		The major components in the essential oil of cv. Bourbon type were geraniol (14.1-34.6%), citronellol (15.2-31.3%), linalool (2.9-9.2%), citronellyl formate (4.4-9.2%), isomenthone (4.5-6.6%), 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol (4.7-6.7%) and geranyl formate (3.8-6.2%). The dominant constituents of the cv. CIM-Pawan essential oil were geraniol (11.9-31.9%), citronellol (16.1-30.2%), citronellyl formate (5.2-8.9%), linalool (3.7-6.4%), isomenthone (4.0-6.3%), 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol (4.4-5.2%) and geranyl formate (4.3-5.0%). However, the chemical composition and odor of cv. Kelkar was quite different from the other two cultivars and the major components found in this oil were citronellol (51.0-63.4%) and isomenthone (9.8-17.8%). Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Kelkar: (Harvesting time: autumn season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 1.5 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Kelkar: (Harvesting time: winter season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 1.2 %
Pelargonium graveolens cv. Kelkar: (Harvesting time: rainy season)			Fresh herb	Iran		NP Content: 1.8 %
Species Name: Vitis vinifera
	Factor Name: Variety Comparison				[34]
Species Info Factor Info
Experiment Detail		Grape pomaces and stalks of Nero d'Avola and Frappato were donated by the ''Valle dell'Acate'' wine firm, Acate, RG, Italy - those from Nerello Mascalese and Cabernet Sauvignon were given by the ''Emanuele Scammacca Barone del Murgo'' wine firm, Santa Venerina, CT, Italy. The winemaking procedures were similar for all samples, namely grape clusters were crushed and destemmed using a destemmer-crusher. The crushed grapes were treated with sulphur dioxide (0.2-0.5% total mash) and with selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to start up the fermentation. After 6-8 days of maceration, when alcoholic fermentation was finished, the mash was pressed. Stalks coming from destemming procedure and grape pomace coming from the maceration procedure were subjected to the distillation procedures within 24 h of their collection. All materials were collected during the 2004 vintage. Click to Show/Hide
Factor Function		On the whole, 38 components have been characterized in the samples of grape pomaces, with Frappato cv. showing the richest composition; instead, 88 components have been detected in the stalks of Frappato, Nero d'Avola, Nerello Mascalese and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties. Click to Show/Hide
Factor			Part	Location		NP Content
Vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon			Stalks	Italy		NP Content: < 0.05 %
Vitis vinifera var. Frappato			Stalks	Italy		NP Content: 0.4 %
Vitis vinifera var. Nerello Mascalese			Stalks	Italy		NP Content: 1.06 %

References
1	Essential Oil of Artemisia absinthium L. from the Spanish Pyrenees
2	Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oils of Callistemon salignus from Two Provinces in South Africa
3	Changes in the Peel Oil Composition of Kagzi Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) during Ripening
4	Volatile Constituents of the Peel Oils of Several Sweet Oranges in China
5	Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Tunisian and Canadian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Fruit
6	Composition and Quality of the Essential Oil of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Argentina
7	Induced Mutants in M2 Generation and Selection for Enhanced Essential Oil Yield and Quality in Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii, Roxb.) Wats., var. martinii
8	Development of Improved Clones of Jamrosa [Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle var. Confertiflorus (Steud.) Bor. x C. jwarancusa (Jones) Schult.] through Induced Mutations
9	Yellowing and crinkling disease and its impact on the yield and composition of the essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.)
10	Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss. from Kerman Province in Iran
11	The constituents of essential oils of Ferulago Angulata (SCHLECHT.) BOISS at two different habitals, Nevakoh and Shahoo, Zagross mountain, western Iran
12	Contents and chemical composition of essential oils from wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.)
13	Geographic Variation in Oil Characteristics in Melaleuca ericifolia
14	Chemical variation in the leaf essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake
15	Composition of the Essential Oil of Micromeria biflora
16	Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Tunisian Myrtus communis var. italica L. During Its Vegetative Cycle
17	Essential oil composition of four Ocimum species and varieties growing in Iran
18	Influence of the harvesting time, temperature and drying period on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil
19	Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.)
20	Pre-Flowering Harvesting of Ocimum gratissimum for Higher Essential Oil and Eugenol Yields Under Semi-Arid Tropics
21	Essential oil composition of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her ex Ait. cultivars harvested in different seasons
22	Chemical Differences in the Essential Oil of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum Leaves from Brazil
23	Evaluation of several Rosa damascena varieties and Rosa bourboniana accession for essential oil content and composition in western Himalayas
24	Chemical Composition of Lebanese Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essential Oil as a Function of the Geographical Region and the Harvest Time
25	Composition of Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Salvia aucheri Benth. Growing in Turkey
26	Essential Oil Variation in Hyptis marrubioides subsp. daenensis Cleak Populations
27	Characterization of the essential oil volatiles of Satureja thymbra and Satureja parnassica: influence of harvesting time and antimicrobial activity
28	Variation in the Constituents of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam. from Different Locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)
29	Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia
30	Essential Oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus Species: Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities Against Foodborne Pathogens
31	Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaoubardii Oils: Three Chemotypes in the Same Population
32	Composition of the Essential Oil of Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov et Des.-Shost from Turkey
33	Essential Oils of Thymus striatus Vahl var. interruptus Jalas from Turkey
34	Volatile components of grape pomaces from different cultivars of Sicilian Vitis vinifera L.

Details of Natural Product (NP)

Cite NPcVar

About NPcVar

Correspondence