Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Healthy leaf, shoot and root tissues of Eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec.) were collected from the plantations in Nakhonnayok province (14° 7′ 20.60″ N, 101° 4′ 16.23″ E) and Phetchabun province (16° 25′ 27.59″ N, 101° 9′ 42.25″ E) of Thailand, during the period of September-October 2008. The actinomycetes isolates were grown on HT agar at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks. Four-millimeter-diameter agar plugs were cut with a sterile cork borer from the leading edges of colonies, and one such plug was transferred into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of ISP-2 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ for 3 weeks for preparation of seed culture. One percent of seed culture was propagated in ISP-2 broth supplemented with 0.2% L-tryptophan and incubated in the dark at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in peptone water and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. One percent of seed culture was propagated in modified Gaus No.1 broth and incubated at 30 ℃ with shaking at 120 rev/min for 3 weeks. Catechol-type siderophores were determined by using Arnow's method (Arnow 1937) and hydroxamate siderophores were determined by using the Csaky test (Csaky 1984).

Actinomycete strain BCC72023 was isolated in a stem of rice (O. sativa L.) collected from the Chumphon province, Thailand. Streptomyces sp. BCC72023 was grown on ISP-2 agar at 30 &#8451 for 7 days and then the agar was cut into pieces. The pieces were inoculated into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, which each contained 100 ml of ISP2 medium, for 7 days at 30 &#8451 on a rotary shaker (200 rpm). Then the seed culture (20 flasks) was transferred into 80 × 1 l Erlenmeyer flasks, which each contained 250 ml of ISP2 medium. The production culture (20 l) was cultivated for 14 days at 30 &#8451 on rotary shakers (200 rpm).

Actinomycete strain BO-07 was isolated from the root tissue of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf A. collected from the Prachuapkhirikhan province, Thailand. Strain BO-07 was grown on ISP-2 agar at 30 ℃ for 14 days.

Streptomyces sp. BT01 was isolated from the root tissues of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. A spore suspension of Streptomyces sp. BT01 was prepared in distilled water from cultures grown on ISP-4 medium at 30 ℃ for 10 days. The suspension, 10⁸ spores per 100 ml of liquid medium, was added to ISP-2 broth in each 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Cultures were kept on a shaker at 120 rpm at 30 ℃ for 48 h and used as seed stocks. For large production of culture filtrates, the strain BT01 was grown in a modified 3000 ml glass container containing 1500 ml of ISP-2 broth, and incubated in an orbital shaker for 5 days in the same condition.

The Streptomyces sp. SUC1 was isolated from the aerial roots of F. benjamina, growing in the grounds of the Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand. Spores of Streptomyces sp. SUC1 were used to inoculate 100 plates of ISP-2 and these were incubated for 14 days at 28 ℃.